O. V. Astashkina

Effect of Inorganic and Organosilicon Additives on Pyrolysis of Hydrated Cellulose Fibre Materials

It was found that the use of mixtures of pyrolytic additives has a better effect on pyrolysis of hydrated cellulose fibre materials (HCFM), resulting in an increase in the yield of carbon fibre materials (CFM) and an increase in the strength in comparison to the individual pyrolytic additives. The elevated cross-linking action of organosilicon additive OSC 6 is demonstrated; it increases the strength of CFM when used both individually and combined with other additives. The important possibility of obtaining CFM with a yield controllable in a wide range and strength as a function of the pyrolytic additives is shown.

Polyoxadiazole fibers modified by nano-additives

A method of increasing the oxygen index (OI) of polyoxadiazole fibers by introducing fire retardant nano(micro)-additives into the polymer before the fiber formation is presented. The following additives are studied: dicarboxydiphenyl oxide, brominated and chlorinated phthalocianines, and carbon black. The use of these additives in the amount of 2–5% of the polymer weight in spinning solutions makes it possible to produce fibers with OI of up to 34 % and thermal stability of up to 84%.

Derivatographic Studies of the Thermal Behavior of Some Salts

The possibility and necessity of conducting derivatographic studies for obtaining more complete and detailed information on thermal decomposition of some salts are demonstrated. The derivatographic data suggested hypotheses on the mechanisms of action of salts on combustion and carbonization of polymer materials.

Oscillating Character of Adsorption of Iron(III) Ion by Carbon Sorbents

The kinetics of sorption of iron ions from solutions with concentrations of 10 and 250 mg/l by various types of carbon materials was investigated. It was shown that the adsorption curve for an iron ion concentration of 10 mg/l in the solution has an anomalous form. However, if the concentration of the ions in the solutions is increased the oscillations on the curve for the dependence of the sorption capacity on time disappear.

Porous Carbon Absorbents for Oil Products

Environmental contamination by oil products was examined. A method for producing composite absorbents for oil products was proposed. The properties of the obtained composites were studied.

Porous Heat Insulation from Carbon Materials

The major types of carbon materials used for heat insulation in high-temperature furnaces are investigated. Such properties as density and heat conduction and a general scheme of heat insulation manufacture are cited. The effect of carbon residue content and density on the coefficient of thermal conductivity of heat insulating materials, such as carbon-carbon composites, is discussed and it is shown that relative deformation of the materials depends on their density.

Adsorption of Heavy Metals by Activated Carbon Fibres

The kinetics of adsorption of Cu (II), Ni (II), and Fe (II) ions from aqueous solutions by activated carbon and activated oxidized fibres is studied. It is shown that the nature of the kinetics of adsorption of the above-named ions is anomalous and oscillatory. The pattern and degree of adsorption on activated and modified (oxidized) sorbents are compared.

Antibacterial Properties of Carbon Fibers Containing Metal Nano- and Microparticles

Various methods for preparing metal-containing carbon materials were studied and tested. Their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cultures was investigated.

Viscosity of Polyacrylonitrile Solutions Containing Carbon Nanoparticles

This article is devoted to the assessment of the impact of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon black particles on the viscosity of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solutions. The dependences of the dynamic viscosity of dilute solutions on the content of carbon nanoparticles and temperature is investigated. It is shown that the addition of CNT to PAN solutions in dimethylformamide can lead to an abnormal reduction in their dynamic viscosity.

Carbon Nanotube Filled Polyacrylonitrile Fibres. Production and Properties

The results of studies of fibre spinning from polyacrylonitrile filled with carbon nanotubes are reported and the recommendable concentrations of nanoparticles in the spinning solution are determined. It is demonstrated that incorporation of carbon nanotubes in the polymer enhances physicomechanical indexes of the fibres vis-à-vis unfilled ones.