Odilon José Roble

The use of Pierre Bourdieu's distinction concepts in scientific articles studying food and eating: A narrative review.

This article reviews and discusses scientific papers on eating practices that have used Pierre Bourdieus concepts presented in Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. It aims to synthesize and analyze theoretical and empirical studies on the theme in order to present Bourdieus contributions to the field, advances in his theories, and directions for future research. Exclusion criteria were: not written in Portuguese, English, Spanish, or French; not published in a peer-reviewed journal; not analyzing food or eating; and not using Bourdieus concepts as presented in Distinction as the main theoretical framework. In this narrative review, we found 38 articles, which were categorized main themes: food choice and provisioning, taste, social class, food symbolism, the body, and the scientific field of food and eating. The taste of luxury and the taste of necessity were broadly applied on the works found in this review and were observed among the lower and upper classes, manifesting differently in each class. These studies show that while Bourdieus theories are still highly relevant to understanding contemporary social groups, they may be improved when combined with other frameworks and theorists. We highlight as directions for future research manners in which gender and the environment interact with the habitus and food choices. Finally, this review points to new areas of investigation that may help improve the use of Bourdieus concepts in exploring health inequalities, such as differences in eating practices and habitus within populations with low socioeconomic status.

“Now I Can Do Better”: A Study of Obese Women’s Experiences Following a Nonprescriptive Nutritional Intervention

The present study analyzed obese women’s experiences following a nonprescriptive nutritional intervention, implemented through a 1-year program based on the Health at Every Size® philosophy. We employed an action research method and conducted three focus groups during the intervention. We identified five interpretative axes across the focus groups, as follows: conflicts and perceptions; gaining motivation, perspective, and positioning; becoming autonomous eaters; acquiring tools; and the meetings between the nutritional therapist and participant. Our findings revealed varying levels of readiness among participants in adapting to the intervention and varying valuations of achievements related to eating and health, independent of body-weight changes. Participants reported benefiting from and expressed approval of the intervention. Participants reported positive behavioral and attitudinal changes to their diet and improvements to diet quality, diet structure, and consumption. Finally, participants seemed to show increased autonomy concerning diet and indicated increased confidence, comfort, flexibility, and positivity of attitude regarding eating.

A educação física na saúde mental: construindo uma formação na perspectiva interdisciplinar

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar una experiencia de formacion del educador fisico como profesional de salud mental, en un equipo interdisciplinario. La investigacion se produjo en 2009, en un Centro de Apoyo Psico-social en Santos, Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Se utilizaron como materiales de analisis proyectos e informes elaborados por los estudiantes. Los pasajes mas significativos fueron agrupados por temas clave, y se discutidos. Se trataba de una recopilacion de datos cualitativos, con un ensayo reflexivo sobre el tema. Se identificaron tres temas principales: tendencia a la inactividad entre los usuarios, posibilidades de accion para el educador fisico y el aprendizaje mutuo y significativo. El educador fisico aparecio como un interlocutor en el dialogo terapeutico, alguien que vino a hablar sobre el cuerpo o con el cuerpo de los seres humanos afectados por sufrimientos psiquicos. Nuestros resultados corroboran la importancia de este profesional en tal contexto y descubren nuevos horizontes para la intervencion.Este estudo objetivou analisar uma experiencia de formacao do educador fisico como profissional de saude mental, inserido em uma equipe interdisciplinar. A investigacao ocorreu no segundo semestre de 2009, em um Nucleo de Apoio Psicossocial, em Santos, estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Foram utilizados, como materiais de analise, os projetos e relatorios produzidos pelos alunos. Os trechos mais significativos destes foram destacados, agrupados segundo tema-chave, e discutidos. Tratou-se de uma coleta de dados qualitativa, que gerou um ensaio reflexivo sobre o tema. Foram identificados tres temas-chave: tendencia ao sedentarismo entre os usuarios; possibilidades de atuacao para o educador fisico, e aprendizado mutuo e significativo. O educador fisico apareceu como um interlocutor no dialogo terapeutico, alguem que veio conversar sobre o corpo ou com o corpo do ser humano acometido pelo sofrimento psiquico. Nossos resultados corroboram a importância deste profissional nesse contexto e descortinam novos horizontes para tal intervencao.

The Effects of a "Health at Every Size(®)"-Based Approach in Obese Women: A Pilot-Trial of the "Health and Wellness in Obesity" Study.

This study explored the effects of Health at Every Size®-based intervention on obese women by qualitatively evaluating participants’ perception toward the program and quantitatively evaluating changes related to psychological, behavioral, and body composition assessments. A prospective 1-year quasi-experimental mixed-method trial was conducted. The mixed-method design was characterized by a spiral method, and quantitative and qualitative findings were combined during the interpretation phase. The qualitative data involved three focus groups; and quantitative data comprised physiological, psychological, and behavioral assessments. Initially, 30 participants were recruited; 14 concluded the intervention. From the focus groups, the following interpretative axes were constructed: the intervention as a period of discoveries; shifting parameters: psychological, physical, and behavioral changes; eating changes, and; redefining success. Body weight, body mass index, total body fat mass, and body fat percentage were significantly decreased after the intervention (−3.6, −3.2, −13.0, and −11.1%, respectively; p ≤ 0.05, within-time effect). Participants reported to be more physically active and perceiving better their bodies. Eating-wise, participants reported that the hunger and satiety cues and the consumption of more frequent meals facilitated their eating changes. Finally, participants reported that they could identify feelings with eating choices and refrain from the restrained behavior. These qualitative improvements were accompanied by modest but significant improvements in quantitative assessments. Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT02102061.

Corporeidade: o legado de Marcel Mauss e Maurice Merleau-Ponty

The purpose of this article is to make a dialogue between Marcel Mauss and Maurice Merleau-Pontys contributions in respect to the reflections produced by both of them about body and corporeity. Although the theoretical basis for the first one is anthropology and for the second, phenomenology, both of them were concerned about overcoming the famous dichotomy inaugurated by Descartes between thinking and matter. The text seeks, while pointing out the theoretical approaches from both authors, to show the possibility of dialogue between their views. Our intention was to show that the dialogue between the authors is possible not only by their differences, but also by their similarities. To do so, we bring some contributions from scholars and researchers who, based on the studied authors or on similar ideas, seek to amplify the discussion about body and corporeity in contemporary society.

Adaptação transcultural para o português dos Questionários de Desejos Intensos por Comida – Estado ou Traço (QDIC-E e QDIC-T) dos State and Trait Food-Cravings Questionnaires (FCQ-S and FCQ-T)

Resumo Este estudo objetivou apresentar a adaptacao transcultural dos Questionarios de Desejos Intensos por Comida – Estado ou Traco (QDIC-E e QDIC-T) dos State and Trait Food-Cravings Questionnaires (FCQ-S and FCQ-T) para o Portugues. Fez-se a traducao e a retraducao dos instrumentos, a avaliacao da equivalencia conceitual, operacional e de itens por especialistas da area e a avaliacao dos instrumentos por uma amostra de universitarios, por meio da avaliacao do grau de compreensao e analise da consistencia interna dos instrumentos pelo coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach. Ademais, fez-se a avaliacao da equivalencia semântica pelo coeficiente de correlacao intraclasse entre os escores obtidos por bilingues em cada questao das versoes em ingles e portugues. Os instrumentos foram considerados de facil compreensao (para os especialistas foi de 95,4% e 97%, para o QDIC-T e QDIC-E, respectivamente, e, para os universitarios, 81,8% os consideraram de facil compreensao), e demonstraram valores de consistencia interna satisfatorios (QDIC-T: variaram de 0,6 a 0,8; QDIC-E: variaram de 0,5 a 0,8). A partir do processo de adaptacao transcultural, os resultados satisfatorios possibilitam a recomendacao da versao brasileira dos QDICs.

The design and rationale of an interdisciplinary, non-prescriptive, and Health at Every Size®-based clinical trial: The “Health and Wellness in Obesity” study:

Background: This manuscript describes the design and rationale of a clinical trial that aims to investigate the multiple physiological, attitudinal, nutritional, and behavioral effects of a new interdisciplinary intervention based on the Health at Every Size® (HAES®) approach in obese women. Methods: This will be a prospective, 7-month, randomized (2:1), mixed-method clinical trial. Obese women will be recruited and randomly allocated into two groups. The intervention group (I-HAES®; proposed n = 40) will undertake a novel HAES®-based intervention. Participants will take part in an exercise program, nutrition counseling sessions, and philosophical workshops, all aligned with the principles of the HAES® approach. The control group (CTRL; proposed n = 20) will participate in a program using a traditional HAES®-based group format, characterized by bimonthly lectures about the same topics offered to the experimental group, encouraging the adoption of a healthy lifestyle. The following multiple quantitative outcomes will be assessed pre and post intervention: health-related quality of life, cardiovascular risk factors, anthropometric assessments, physical activity level, physical capacity and function, and psychological and behavioral assessments. Qualitative analysis will be used to evaluate the experiences of the participants throughout the intervention, as assessed by focus groups and semi-structured interviews. Conclusions: The interdisciplinary research team leading this study has varied and complementary expertise. The knowledge arising from this study will help to guide new interdisciplinary interventions with the potential to holistically improve the health of obese individuals. This trial is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02102061).

Uma Interpretação Estética do Método Pilates: seus princípios e convergências com a Educação Somática

The Pilates method, originally called contrology, has been gaining a significant following in Brazil. This article discusses the methods principles and convergences with somatic education by analyzing the original works of Joseph Pilates using an aesthetic-philosophical approach. It seems implicit that the Pilates method can be instrumental for the performing arts, and the article accordingly points to some connections in this regard. However, the article also argues that, in the absence of the guiding principles proposed by Pilates, the method ceases to be an art of control and instead is reduced to something not much different from other physical exercises.

Effects of a new intervention based on the Health at Every Size approach for the management of obesity: The ``Health and Wellness in Obesity{''} study

Health at Every Size® (HAES®) is a weight-neutral approach focused on promoting healthy behaviors in people with different body sizes. This study examined multiple physiological, attitudinal, nutritional, and behavioral effects of a newly developed, intensive, interdisciplinary HAES®-based intervention in obese women. This was a prospective, seven-month, randomized (2:1), controlled, mixed-method clinical trial. The intervention group (I-HAES®; n = 39) took part in an intensified HAES®-based intervention comprising a physical activity program, nutrition counseling sessions, and philosophical workshops. The control group (CTRL; n = 19) underwent a traditional HAES®-based intervention. Before and after the interventions, participants were assessed for physiological, psychological, and behavioral parameters (quantitative data) and took part in focus groups (qualitative data). Body weight, body mass index, and waist and hip circumferences did not significantly differ within or between groups (P > 0.05). I-HAES® showed increased peak oxygen uptake and improved performance in the timed-stand test (P = 0.004 and P = 0.004, between-group comparisons). No significant within- or between-group differences were observed for objectively measured physical activity levels, even though the majority of the I-HAES® participants indicated that they were engaged in or had plans to include physical activity in their routines. I-HAES® resulted in improvements in eating attitudes and practices. The I-HAES® group showed significantly improved all Body Attitude Questionnaire subscale and all Figure Rating Scale scores (P ≤ 0.05 for all parameters, within-group comparisons), whereas the CTRL group showed slight or no changes. Both groups had significant improvements in health-related quality of life parameters, although the I-HAES® group had superior gains in the “physical health,” “psychological health,” and “overall perception of quality of life and health” (P = 0.05, 0.03, and 0.02, respectively, between-group comparisons) domains. Finally, most of the quantitative improvements were explained by qualitative data. Our results show that this new intensified HAES®-based intervention improved participants’ eating attitudes and practices, perception of body image, physical capacity, and health-related quality of life despite the lack of changes in body weight and physical activity levels, showing that our novel approach was superior to a traditional HAES®-based program.

Effects of health at every size® interventions on health-related outcomes of people with overweight and obesity: a systematic review: A systematic review on HAES® interventions

The growing use of interventions based on the Health at Every Size® (HAES®) in obesity management.