Olívia Maria de Paula Alves Bezerra

O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar sob a ótica dos alunos da rede estadual de ensino de Minas Gerais, Brasil

O objetivo deste artigo e analisar o Programa de Alimentacao Escolar sob a otica dos alunos atendidos na rede estadual de ensino de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de estudo transversal, quali-quantitativo, com amostra de 1500 alunos, representativa do universo da rede estadual de ensino de Minas Gerais, utilizando questionario semiestruturado analisado por meio de frequencia simples, media, desvio padrao, teste exato de Fisher, teste qui-quadrado e regressao logistica (p < 0,05; IC 95%). Houve efetiva aceitacao de 28,8% e efetiva adesao de 45,1% ao Programa. A aceitacao foi significativamente maior entre alunos do sexo masculino e entre aqueles que apresentaram menor consumo de alimentos extrainstitucionais. A aceitacao e a adesao foram significativamente maiores entre alunos do grupo etario mais velho e entre aqueles que referiram participar de atividades de Educacao Alimentar e Nutricional. No total, 73,5% dos alunos sugeriram melhorias para a Alimentacao Escolar. Muitos principios e diretrizes do programa nao estao sendo cumpridos. A aceitacao da Alimentacao Escolar mostrou-se negativamente influenciada pelo consumo de alimentos extrainstitucionais e positivamente influenciada pelas acoes de Educacao Alimentar e Nutricional.In this paper the authors describe and contextualize the participation of users and family members in mental health research in Brazil, addressing the recent tradition of the experiences of recovery and empowerment to define the analysis of some Brazilian experiences of evaluative research and intervention projects, which count on these social actors to act as researchers. The experiences of Self-Help Groups and the Guide to Autonomous Medication Management are described briefly, in order to analyze the limits and possibilities of participation of users and their family members in research, which is still incipient and sporadic in the Brazilian reality. The authors also recommend the creation of an agenda in public health policy that encourages this participation.In this paper the authors describe and contextualize the participation of users and family members in mental health research in Brazil, addressing the recent tradition of the experiences of recovery and empowerment to define the analysis of some Brazilian experiences of evaluative research and intervention projects, which count on these social actors to act as researchers. The experiences of Self-Help Groups and the Guide to Autonomous Medication Management are described briefly, in order to analyze the limits and possibilities of participation of users and their family members in research, which is still incipient and sporadic in the Brazilian reality. The authors also recommend the creation of an agenda in public health policy that encourages this participation.

Talcose entre artesãos em pedra-sabão em uma localidade rural do Município de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil

Talc pneumoconiosis in Brazil has received little research attention to date. The disease was investigated in Mata dos Palmitos, a district of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais State, among soapstone handicraft workers. The district has some 180 inhabitants, of whom 108 are engaged in handicrafts production, while 15 alternate handicrafts production with work in the soapstone quarries. A clinical and occupational investigation was conducted, along with a respiratory symptoms standardized questionnaire, chest x-ray (ILO standard), and spirometry. Clinical data showed a low prevalence of respiratory complaints. Dyspnea was the most frequent symptom. Chronic bronchitis was identified in 12 adult workers. Chest x-rays showed evidence of small lung opacities in 5 workers, and in 11 there was suspicion of the same opacities. One worker showed a plaque-shaped pleural thickening. Seven workers showed abnormal spirometry. The soapstone dust composition showed breathable asbestos fibers from the amphibole group (tremolite-actinolite). The results suggest talc asbestosis occurrence among soapstone handicraft workers.

The Brazilian School Nutrition Program from the standpoint of students attending state schools in Minas Gerais, Brazil

The scope of this article is to analyze the Brazilian School Nutrition Program from the standpoint of students attending state schools in Minas Gerais. It is a qualitative and quantitative cross-sectional study with a sample of 1500 students, representing the population of the state schools of Minas Gerais, involving the administration of a semi-structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using simple frequency, mean, standard deviation, Fishers exact test, the chi-square test and logistic regression (p < 0.05, CI 95%). The effective acceptance of the program was 28.8% and the effective adhesion to the program was 45.1%. Program acceptance was significantly higher among males and students who consumed less extra-institutional food. Acceptance and adhesion to the program was significantly higher among the older students and those who reported participating in activities related to nutritional education. In total, 73.5% of the students suggested improvements in school food. Many of the programs norms and guidelines are not being implemented. The acceptance of school food was negatively influenced by the consumption of extra-institutional foods and positively influenced by food and nutritional education activities.

Promoção da aquisição de produtos da agricultura familiar para a alimentação escolar em Territórios da Cidadania de Minas Gerais e Espírito Santo.

OBJECTIVE: This study hopes to promote the acquisition of family farm products for school meals in Brazils Territories of Citizenship. METHODS: This intervention study coordinated intersectoral networks face-to-face. The networks consisted of teams composed of a dietician, popular educator, and agronomist or agronomy technician. These teams visited all municipalities within the Citizenship Territories at least twice to coordinate the said networks, capable of promoting local mobilization processes, organization, and empowerment of different actors to acquire family farm products for school meals in the said municipalities. RESULTS: The most expressive results were: 14% of the municipalities improved the family farm organization; 14% of the managers began to support the food acquisition process according to Law no 11.947/2009; and 27% of the municipalities without a dietician hired one. The results were not considered satisfactory by the School Food Council. CONCLUSION: The actions were capable of promoting the implementation of the Federal Law Lei Federal no 11.947/2009 in the study Territories of Citizenship.

Níveis de contaminantes inorgânicos em cachaças da região do Quadrilátero Ferrífero armazenadas em copos in natura de esteatito (pedra-sabão)

The levels of inorganic contaminants (As, Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb) were measured in 18 Brazilian spirit beverages, before and after 4 contact cycles of 24h each with in natura soapstone (steatite) cups. Results were compared to Brazilian regulation levels. Spirits contained As, Cd, Ni and Pb within permitted levels. For Cu, 5.6% of the brands were above the limit. The contact with soapstone cups decreased Cu levels in the spirits, while the other elements remained unchanged. The use of in natura soapstone cups was considered safe because this kind of vessel did not transfer inorganic contaminants to the spirits.

Atuação de nutricionistas responsáveis técnicos pela alimentação escolar de municípios de Minas Gerais e Espírito Santo

O nutricionista e responsavel pela promocao da seguranca alimentar e nutricional na alimentacao escolar, contribuindo para a construcao de praticas alimentares saudaveis. Neste estudo buscou-se conhecer a atuacao de nutricionistas responsaveis tecnicos da alimentacao escolar em municipios de Minas Gerais e Espirito Santo. Foi realizado estudo de corte transversal com participacao de 77 nutricionistas, incluindo analises descritivas; univariadas e analises de regressao de Poisson com variância robusta. Constatou-se o descumprimento pela maioria dos nutricionistas de diversas atribuicoes essenciais do programa, previstas em Lei, como producao do plano anual de trabalho, analise da composicao nutricional de cardapios, elaboracao de fichas tecnicas de preparacao, utilizacao do Manual de Boas Praticas de Fabricacao e realizacao do teste de aceitabilidade. Os modelos de regressao mostraram que nutricionistas que desenvolviam plano de trabalho, avaliacao nutricional e teste de aceitabilidade apresentaram maior ocorrencia de realizacao de acoes de Educacao Alimentar e Nutricional. Ressalta-se necessidade imediata de adequacao dos municipios a legislacao vigente e implementacao de acoes corretivas.

Silica exposure and disease in semi-precious stone craftsmen, Minas Gerais, Brazil

BACKGROUND Brazil is an exporter of precious stones and craftsmen often work in poor conditions. We assessed silica-related diseases among crystal craftsmen and the complexity of its control. METHODS Case-series including 118 subjects evaluated from 2006 to 2015, based on medical interviews, chest X-rays, spirometry, and respirable silica samples. RESULTS Median age and length of exposure were 32 and 13 years, respectively. Silicosis, with 1/0 as a threshold, was diagnosed radiologically in 57 individuals (48.3%). Respirable silica concentrations were 0.9-29.3 times greater than the Brazilian occupational exposure limit. A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve with the same diagnosis threshold showed best discrimination at a cut point of 12.5 years of exposure, corresponding to 4.85 mg-y/m3 of cumulative silica exposure. There was a significant decline in FEV1 across radiological and cumulative silica exposure categories. Eleven individuals (9.3%) had mycobacterial diseases at baseline or follow-up. CONCLUSION Crystal craftsmen continue to suffer from silicosis, lung function impairment, comorbidity, and death due to silicosis. To date collective protection in some work sheds has not diminished silica levels. Long-term follow-up is needed to evaluate further improvements in preventive measures. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:239-247, 2017.