Olivier Fourmaux

Traffic analysis of peer-to-peer IPTV communities

The Internet is currently experiencing one of the most important challenges in terms of content distribution since its first uses as a medium for content delivery: users from passive downloaders and browsers are moving towards content producers and publishers. They often distribute and retrieve multimedia contents establishing network communities. This is the case of peer-to-peer IPTV communities. In this work we present a detailed study of P2P IPTV traffic, providing useful insights on both transport- and packet-level properties as well as on the behavior of the peers inside the network. In particular, we provide novel results on the (i) ports and protocols used; (ii) differences between signaling and video traffic; (iii) behavior of the traffic at different time scales; (iv) differences between TCP and UDP traffic; (v) traffic generated and received by peers; (vi) peers neighborhood and session duration. The knowledge gained thanks to this analysis is useful for several tasks, e.g. traffic identification, understanding the performance of different P2P IPTV technologies and the impact of such traffic on network nodes and links, and building more realistic models for simulations.

Towards an Incentive Mechanism for Peer-to-Peer Multimedia Live Streaming Systems

Incentive mechanisms are essential components of peer-to-peer systems for file sharing such as BitTorrent, since they enforce peers to share their resources and to participate. Recent P2P systems that distribute live multimedia streams take their inspiration from BitTorrent, but have not defined incentive mechanisms appropriate to the nature of continuous media. In this article, we uncover the way that the incentive mechanisms in BitTorrent are not well suited to streaming live multimedia, and based on P2P systems that we have measured, we propose a new incentive mechanism designed for distribution of live multimedia streaming over a P2P network.

Large-scale measurement experiments of P2P-TV systems insights on fairness and locality

P2P-TV is an emerging alternative to classical television broadcast systems. Leveraging possibilities o ered by the Internet, several companies o er P2P-TV services to their customers. The overwhelming majority of these systems however is of closed nature, o ering little insight on their tra c properties. For a better understanding of the P2P-TV landscape, we performed measurement experiments in France, Japan, Spain, and Romania, using di erent commercial applications. By using multiple measurement points in di erent locations of the world, our results can paint a global picture of the measured networks, inferring their main properties. More precisely, we focus on the level of collaboration between peers, their location and the e ect of the tra c on the networks. Our results show that there is no fairness between peers and that is an important issue for the scalability of P2P-TV systems. Moreover, hundreds of Autonomous Systems are involved in the P2P-TV tra c and it points out the lack of locality-aware mechanisms for these systems. The geographic location of peers testifies the wide spread of these applications in Asia and highlights their worldwide usage.

On Fairness and Locality in P2P-TV through Large-Scale Measurement Experiment

In this paper, we present our P2P-TV measurement experiment performed in France and Japan. By using multiple measurement points in different locations of the world, we are able to get a global view of the measured P2P networks and we can infer their main properties. More precisely, we focus on the level of collaboration between peers, their location and the effect of the traffic on the networks. Our results show that there is no fairness between peers and it is an important issue for the scalability of P2P-TV systems. Moreover, hundreds of Autonomous Systems are involved in the P2P-TV traffic and it points out the lack of locality-aware mechanisms for these systems. The geographic location of peers testifies the wide spread of these applications in Asia and highlights their worldwide usage.

Measuring P2P-TV systems on both sides of the world

In this paper, we present our P2P-TV measurement experiment performed in France and in Japan. By using multiple measurement points in different locations of the world, we are able to get a global view of the measured P2P networks and we can infer their main properties. More precisely, we focus on the location of peers and the effect of the P2P-TV traffic on the networks. Our results shows that hundred of Autonomous Systems are involved in the exchange of traffic between peers and it points out the lack of locality-aware mechanisms for these P2P-TV systems. We also investigate the geographic location of users. It testifies the wide spread of these applications in Asia and highlights the worldwide usage of these applications.

Multicast for RSVP switching: An extended multicast model with QoS for label swapping in an IP over ATM environment

The ubiquity of IP associated with the acknowledgment of ATM as a key switching technology has motivated an increasing interest towards the design of a more efficient way of operating IP over ATM networks. This approach is known under the name Label Swapping. A few studies have addressed the primary issue of providing simultaneously quality of service and multicast. We propose a solution where we mix an RSVP architecture with one Label Swapping technique called IP Switching. We discuss problems that arise when using cut-through associated with an RSVP multicast model and propose an application for an IPv6 environment over an ATM switching hardware.

Multilevel MDA-Lite Paris Traceroute.

Since its introduction in 2006--2007, Paris Traceroute and its Multipath Detection Algorithm (MDA) have been used to conduct well over a billion IP level multipath route traces from platforms such as M-Lab. Unfortunately, the MDA requires a large number of packets in order to trace an entire topology of load balanced paths between a source and a destination, which makes it undesirable for platforms that otherwise deploy Paris Traceroute, such as RIPE Atlas. In this paper we present a major update to the Paris Traceroute tool. Our contributions are: (1) MDA-Lite, an alternative to the MDA that significantly cuts overhead while maintaining a low failure probability; (2) Fakeroute, a simulator that enables validation of a multipath route tracing tools adherence to its claimed failure probability bounds; (3) multilevel multipath route tracing, with, for the first time, a Traceroute tool that provides a router-level view of multipath routes; and (4) surveys at both the IP and router levels of multipath routing in the Internet, showing, among other things, that load balancing topologies have increased in size well beyond what has been previously reported as recently as 2016. The data and the software underlying these results are publicly available.