Orlando Ricaurte

Liver abscess caused by Ascaris lumbricoides: case report

A case is reported of a woman who lived in a rural area with a chronic illness that consisted of weight loss and abdominal pain in the epigastrium and upper right quadrant. The initial diagnosis was a mass in the liver, which was later, demonstrated, both by direct and histological examination, to be an abscess caused by Ascaris lumbricoides. Eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides and abundant Charcot-Leyden Crystals were found.

Impacto del sistema OLGA en la detección de gastritis crónica atrófica en Colombia: un estudio de casos y controles

Introduccion: la gastritis cronica atrofica (GCA) es una entidad clinicopatologica relacionada con cancer gas- trico (CG) de tipo intestinal. Su principal causa es Helicobacter pylori. Actualmente, ademas del diagnostico, se recomienda evaluar la extension de la atrofia o de la metaplasia intestinal, para estadificar el riesgo de CG. El metodo mas preciso para la atrofia es el OLGA, que exige 5 biopsias: 2 del cuerpo, 2 del antro y 1 de la in- cisura angularis, marcadas y enviadas en frascos separados. En Colombia, no se ha evaluado el rendimiento de OLGA en el estudio de la atrofia gastrica. Materiales y metodos: estudio de casos y controles. Los casos son pacientes en quienes se hizo el muestreo de biopsias para el OLGA. Los controles pacientes con menos de 5 biopsias gastricas, sin el muestreo del OLGA. Resultados: 1599 casos y 4191 controles. Edad promedio de los casos: 49±12 anos versus controles 54±10 anos (p: NS). H. pylori: 60% versus 57%. GCA en casos: 42% versus 26%. El 12,3% tenia OLGA III/IV y el 88%, OLGA 0, I o II, los cuales no ameritarian vigilancia endoscopica. Conclusion: el sistema OLGA permite detectar un 61,8% mas de atrofia que la detectada con un muestreo insuficiente de biopsias gastricas. La mayoria de los casos (88%) tuvo bajo riesgo de CG (estado 0-II) y no se justificaria vigilancia endoscopica.

Estudio de mutaciones en los genes IDH1 e IDH2 en una muestra de gliomas de población colombiana

Introduction: Gliomas are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system and, according to their malignancy, they are graded from I to IV. Recent studies have found that there is an association between gliomas and mutations in exon 4 of genes that codify for isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (IDH1: codon 132; IDH2: codon 172). Objective: To establish the frequency of mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 in a sample of gliomas from Colombian population. Materials and methods: DNA was extracted from tumor tissue. The exon 4 of IDH1 and IDH2 was amplified by PCR using specific primers and subsequently sequenced. Mutations were determined using the 4Peaks MAFFT programs. Results: We found mutations in the IDH1 gene in 34% of the glioma samples, with a predominance of the nonsynonymous mutation R132H. Mutations in the IDH2 gene were found in 7.5% of cases, with a predominance of the nonsynonymous R172K and R172W mutations. Conclusions: The frequency of mutations in the IDH1 and IDH2 genes in the sample was similar to that reported in other studies. The analysis of these mutations may be important to establish prognostic factors and for the development of future therapeutic targets in gliomas.

7217 The importance of an enlarged gastric fold in a hiatal hernia.

Background: In the pathogenesis of GERD the presence of a sliding hiatal hernia (HH) does not predict the presence of reflux, but it is a pejorative factor in those in whom reflux is present. The role of an enlarged gastric fold in a HH in GERD is unknown. AIM To investigate the endoscopic and histological findings of patients with an enlarged fold in the HH. Methods: The investigated group consisted of patients who underwent EGD for any reason. In those with an HH and enlarged gastric fold, biopsies were obtained from the distal esophagus and cardial fold as well as from the antrum and corpus (Group I). The histological findings were compared to those observed in an age and sex matched group of patients with HH without a enlarged gastric fold (Group II) and a group of 211 patients without HH or enlarged gastric fold. Each group contained 32 patients. Results: The 31 patients with HH and enlarged gastric fold consisted of 18 M and F, mean age 47.7 +/-14 yr. The enlarged gastric fold was found in the right side of the cardias in 27/31 case and in 5 cases there was an polypoid aspect in the fold. HH with enlarged gastric fold was associated with erosive esophagitis in 84% compared to 54.8% of those with HH alone, and in16% of those with neither. The presence of erosive esophagitis was 4 and 27 fold greater with HH and with HH with enlarged gastric fold, respectively, than in those with neither. Conclusion: The presence of an enlarged fold which is typically a continuation of the lesser curvature gastric folds to the Z-line is associated with a high prevalence of erosive esophagitis. It is possible that the enlarged gastric fold acts as a mechanical hindrance to effective barrier to gastro-esophageal reflux and deserves further studies about its role in the pathogenesis of GERD

La leucoplasia viral lingual del SIDA

La leucoplasia pilosa oral de una biopsia en un hombre de 27 anos de edad, marcador de infeccion con el virus de HIV e indicador de progresion en pocos meses al SIDA, muestra un cuadro histologico tipico caracterizado por hiperplasia epitelial irregular, cambio coilocitico e inclusiones intranucleares en la mitad superior del epitelio. La ultraestructura de estas inclusiones corresponde a capsides y nucleocapsidios de virus del Grupo Herpes. Los estudios inmunoenzimaticos para Papilomavirus, Herpes I y II fueron negativos. Por exclusion, hay evidencia razonable para concluir que las particulas demostradas son de virus de .Epstein-Barr. Solo se debe aceptar como leucoplasia pilosa oral aquella lesion en la que se demuestre, por cualquier metodo, la presencia de virus de Epstein-Barr. El estudio histologico usual de la entidad es caracteristico y permite hacer un diagnostico confiable.