Óscar Sánchez

Process integration possibilities for biodiesel production from palm oil using ethanol obtained from lignocellulosic residues of oil palm industry.

In this paper, integration possibilities for production of biodiesel and bioethanol using a single source of biomass as a feedstock (oil palm) were explored through process simulation. The oil extracted from Fresh Fruit Bunches was considered as the feedstock for biodiesel production. An extractive reaction process is proposed for transesterification reaction using in situ produced ethanol, which is obtained from two types of lignocellulosic residues of palm industry (Empty Fruit Bunches and Palm Press Fiber). Several ways of integration were analyzed. The integration of material flows between ethanol and biodiesel production lines allowed a reduction in unit energy costs down to 3.4%, whereas the material and energy integration leaded to 39.8% decrease of those costs. The proposed integrated configuration is an important option when the technology for ethanol production from biomass reaches such a degree of maturity that its production costs be comparable with those of grain or cane ethanol.

Process Synthesis for Fuel Ethanol Production

Biofuels Biofuels Generalities Gasoline Oxygenation Ethanol as a Gasoline Oxygenate Gasoline Oxygenation Programs with Fuel Ethanol in Some Countries Process Design and Role of Process Synthesis Conceptual Process Design Knowledge-Based Process Synthesis Optimization-Based Process Synthesis Final Considerations Feedstocks for Fuel Ethanol Production Sugars Starchy Materials Lignocellulosic Materials Feedstock Conditioning and Pretreatment Conditioning of Sucrose-Containing Materials Pretreatment of Starchy Materials Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass Detoxification of Pretreated Biomass Hydrolysis of Carbohydrate Polymers Starch Saccharification Hydrolysis of Cellulose Microorganisms for Ethanol Production Metabolic Features of Ethanol-Producing Microorganisms Nongenetically Modified Microorganisms for Ethanol Production Genetically Modified Microorganisms for Ethanol Production Ethanolic Fermentation Technologies Description of Main Fermentation Technologies for Ethanol Production Modeling of Ethanolic Fermentation for Process Design Purposes Analysis of Fed-Batch Ethanolic Fermentation Dynamics of Continuous Fermentation Systems Analysis of Ethanol Recovery and Dehydration Concentration and Rectification of Ethanol Contained in Culture Broths Ethanol Dehydration Evaluation of Separation and Dehydration Schemes Integrated Processes for Fuel Ethanol Production Process Integration Reaction-Reaction Integration for Bioethanol Production Reaction-Separation Integration for Bioethanol Production Separation-Separation Integration for Bioethanol Production Environmental Aspects of Fuel Ethanol Production Effluent Treatment during Fuel Ethanol Production Environmental Performance of Fuel Ethanol Production Technological Configurations for Fuel Ethanol Production in the Industry Ethanol Production from Sucrose-Containing Materials Ethanol Production from Starchy Materials Ethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Materials Role of Energy Integration during Process Synthesis Food Security versus Fuel Ethanol Production Crop Potentials for Food and Energy Bioethanol and Fossil Oil Dependence Bioenergy and Transgenics Bioenergy and Food Market Bioenergy and Food Security Project Concluding Remarks Perspectives and Challenges in Fuel Ethanol Production Feedstocks Process Engineering Food Security Impacts Environmental Impacts Index References appear at the end of each chapter.

A genetic word clustering algorithm

In this work, a genetic word clustering algorithm, that classifies words present in the phrases of a linguistic corpus, is proposed. The underlying goal of word classification is to build a good probabilistic model of the language defined by the phrases in the corpus. Some experiments comparing the performance of the proposed algorithm with a classical word clustering algorithm were carried out.

La Proteómica, otra cara de la genómica

Las proteinas son lo que uno podria llamar los arquitectos de la vida, pues son cruciales en los procesos celulares de todos los seres vivos. Las proteinas estan implicadas en la catalisis de las reacciones quimicas celulares, el transporte de moleculas, la transduccion de senales, la segregacion del material genetico, la produccion y el manejo de la energia. El programa celular vital necesita del trabajo coordinado de muchos tipos diferentes de proteinas (1). La mayor parte del peso seco de una celula esta constituida por proteinas. Parece una tautologia, pero tendremos que entender las proteinas antes de que podamos entender la celula.