Osman Özbek

Some Mechanical Properties of Safflower Stalk

General physical properties, bending stress, modulus of elasticity, compressive strength, shearing stress, and specific shearing energy were determined for safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) stalks. Test specimens were taken from two locations of the stalk: from the bottom and from the top region. Experiments were conducted in five different moisture contents of stalk. The bending stress decreased with increasing moisture content. The average bending stress value varied between 54.02 and 13.81 MPa. The modulus of elasticity in bending decreased with increases at the moisture content and the modulus of elasticity increased towards the top region. The average modulus of elasticity varied between 439.49- 95.62 MPa. The modulus of tangent in compressing decreased as the moisture content increased. The average tangent modulus varied between 31.39-6.35 daNmm-1. The shearing stress and the specific shearing energy increased with increasing moisture content. The maximum shearing stress and the specific shearing energy were 1.37 MPa and 94.64 mJmm-2, respectively. Both the shearing stress and specific shearing energy were found to be higher in the bottom region of the stalk.

Operational Characteristics Of Black Carrot Harvester With Vibrating Cleaning Elevator

Operational characteristics of a black carrot harvester with vibratory cleaning elevator were determined in this research. The machine is able to harvest two ridges at a time. The harvester was operated at 0.21, 0.34 and 0.48 m s -1 forward speeds over a black carrot field with pulled-off ringlets and cleaned heads. Depending on forward speeds, dirtiness ratios varied between 6.75 - 18.42%, broken carrot ratios between 3.76 - 14.55%, surface wound ratios between 4.11 - 1.55%, drafts between 1203 - 1363 daN, bollard pulls between 2.48 - 6.41 kW and power take-offs shaft powers between 2.32 - 2.87 kW

Sıvı Ahır Gübresi Dağıtma Makinalarında Farklı Uygulayıcıların Azot Kaybına Etkisi

Bu calismada, farkli uygulayicilar ile sivi ahir gubresi uygulamasinin, amonyak azotu kaybi uzerine etkileri ortaya konulmustur. Denemelerde prototip bir sivi gubre enjeksiyon makinesi kullanilmistir. Deneme tesaduf parselleri deneme desenine gore uc tekerrurlu olarak tertip edilmistir. Bu amacla denemeler, sivi ahir gubresi dagitma makinesine ait uc farkli ayak tipi (kazayagi-I, kazayagi-II ve dar uclu) ve uc fakli enjeksiyon derinligi (5, 12.5 ve 20 cm) kombinasyonlarindan olusmaktadir. Bu calismayla sivi ahir gubresinin topraga enjeksiyon seklinde uygulanmasi yapilmis ve uygulamalardan meydana gelen azot kayiplari %4.7 - 11.9 arasinda degisim gosterirken, amonyak azotu kaybini etkileyen onemli unsurlardan olan risk faktoru (F r ) 10 - 41.5 mm arasinda ve risk faktorune bagli olarak hesaplanan gubre buharlasma indeksi (I m ) de %10...83 arasinda degisim gosterdigi tespit edilmistir. Henuz ulkemizde yeterince kullanim alani bulunmayan sivi ahir gubresi dagitma makinelerinin, kazayagi-I ayak tipiyle ve 12.5 cm ve daha buyuk enjeksiyon derinliklerinde (A 1 D 2 ve A 1 D 3 ) basariyla kullanilabilecegi saptanmis ve sivi ahir gubresinden faydalanma kosullari ortaya konulmustur.