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Featured researches published by Othmar Horak.


Environmental Pollution | 2003

Rhizosphere characteristics of indigenously growing nickel hyperaccumulator and excluder plants on serpentine soil

Walter W. Wenzel; M Bunkowski; Markus Puschenreiter; Othmar Horak

The role of rhizosphere processes in metal hyperaccumulation is largely unexplored and a matter of debate, related field data are virtually not available. We conducted a field survey of rhizosphere characteristics beneath the Ni hyperaccumulator Thlaspi goesingense Hálácsy and the metal-excluder species Silene vulgaris L. and Rumex acetosella L. growing natively on the same serpentine site. Relative to bulk soil and to the rhizosphere of the excluder species, we found significantly increased DOC and Ni concentrations in water extracts of T. goesingense rhizosphere, whereas exchangeable Ni was depleted due to excessive uptake of Ni. Chemical speciation analysis using the MINTEQA2 software package revealed that enhanced Ni solubility in Thlaspi rhizosphere is driven by the formation of Ni-organic complexes. Moreover, ligand-induced dissolution of Ni-bearing minerals is likely to contribute to enhanced Ni solubility. Increased Mg and Ca concentrations and pH in Thlaspi rhizosphere are consistent with ligand-induced dissolution of orthosilicates such as forsterite (Mg(2)SiO(4). Our field data reinforce the hypothesis that exudation of organic ligands may contribute to enhanced solubility and replenishment of metals in the rhizosphere of hyperaccumulating species.


Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science | 2001

Phytoextraction of heavy metal contaminated soils with Thlaspi goesingense and Amaranthus hybridus: Rhizosphere manipulation using EDTA and ammonium sulfate

Markus Puschenreiter; Gudrun Stöger; Enzo Lombi; Othmar Horak; Walter W. Wenzel

Selection of appropriate plant species and rhizosphere manipulation to enhance metal uptake are considered key factors in the development of phytoextraction technologies. A pot trial was conducted with two contaminated soils to investigate the effect of EDTA and ammonium sulfate on the accumulation of heavy metals into shoots of the low-biomass hyperaccumlator Thlaspi goesingense Halacsy (Brassicaceae) and the high-biomass non-hyperaccumulating plant Amaranthus hybridus (Amaranthaceae). Upon application of 1 g EDTA (kg soil)—1 metal extractability with 1 M NH4NO3 increased substantially, whereas the application of (NH4)2SO4 was less effective. The EDTA treatment increased the heavy metal concentrations in both plant species, however, the difference to the control was larger for A. hybridus. EDTA enhanced shoot concentrations in A. hybridus grown on soil Arnoldstein from 32.7 mg kg—1 to 1140 mg kg—1 for Pb and from 3.80 mg kg—1 to 10.3 mg kg—1 for Cd. Cd concentrations in shoots of T. goesingense were also increased by EDTA application, however, a slight decrease was observed for Pb. T. goesingense accumulated 2840 mg Pb kg—1 without any treatment. This is the first report of Pb hyperacumulation by T. goesingense. A decrease of shoot Pb concentration was observed in T. goesingense upon treatment with ammonium sulfate. Although metal concentrations in the shoots were rather large and significantly increased upon application of EDTA, plant growth and heavy metal removal were still too small to obtain reasonable extraction rates in soils heavily polluted by metals. It should be also noted that metal lability largely increased in EDTA-treated soils and this lability persisted for several weeks after the application of the chelating agent, which is likely to be associated with the risk of groundwater contamination. Phytoextraktion von Schwermetall-kontaminierten Boden mit Thlaspi goesingense und Amaranthus hybridus: Rhizospharen-Management mit EDTA und Ammonium-Sulfat Die Auswahl geeigneter Pflanzenarten sowie von Methoden fur Rhizospharen-Management sind wesentliche Aspekte bei der Entwicklung von Technologien zur Phytoextraktion von Schwermetallen aus kontaminierten Boden. In einem Gefasversuch mit zwei verschiedenen Versuchsboden wurde die Wirkung der Applikation von EDTA sowie Ammonium-Sulfat auf die Metall-Akkumulation in Thlaspi goesingense Halacsy (Brassicaceae), einer hyperakkumulierenden Pflanze mit geringer Biomasse, sowie Amaranthus hybridus, (Amaranthaceae) einer nicht-hyperakkumulierenden Pflanze mit hoher Biomasse untersucht. Durch die Zugabe von 1 g EDTA (kg Boden)—1 konnte die mit 1 M NH4NO3 losliche Fraktion signifikant erhoht werden, wahrend die Wirkung von (NH4)2SO4 deutlich geringer war. Die Anwendung von EDTA konnte die Schwermetall-Aufnahme in beiden Pflanzenarten steigern, der Unterschied zur Kontrolle war jedoch bei A. hybridus groser als bei T. goesingense. Durch EDTA konnte die Pb-Konzentration im Spross von A. hybridus auf dem Boden Arnoldstein von 32,7 mg kg—1 auf 1140 mg kg—1 erhoht werden, wahrend fur Cd ein Anstieg von 3,80 mg kg—1 auf 10,3 mg kg—1 festgestellt wurde. Auch in T. goesingense wurde durch EDTA die Cd-Aufnahme erhoht, wahrend der Pb-Gehalt verringert wurde. In der Kontroll-Variante wurde in T. goesingense ein Pb-Gehalt von 2840 mg kg—1 gefunden, womit erstmals Pb-Hyperakkumulation fur diese Pflanzenart beobachtet werden konnte. Ein Ruckgang des Pb-Gehalts in T. goesingense wurde bei der Applikation von Ammoniumsulfat festgestellt. Obwohl die Schwermetall-Konzentrationen in den Pflanzen hoch waren und durch Zugabe von EDTA noch gesteigert werden konnten, war der absolute Entzug von Metallen aus dem Boden zu gering, um chelat-induzierte Phytoextraktion von kontaminierten Boden zu rechtfertigen. Daruberhinaus wurde durch Zugabe von EDTA die Schwermetall-Labilitat im Boden uber mehrere Wochen stark erhoht, was eine potenzielle Grundwassergefahrdung darstellt.


Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science | 2002

Long-term application of biowaste compost versus mineral fertilization: Effects on the nutrient and heavy metal contents of soil and plants

Barbara Bartl; Wilfried Hartl; Othmar Horak

In recent years the use of biowaste compost (BC) as a soil amendment is of increasing interest. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the influence of different fertilization systems: biowaste compost, annual average of 32 Mg ha—1 BC (fresh matter) and mineral fertilizer (83:52:95 kg ha—1 NPK fertilizer) on the nutrient and heavy metal contents of soil and plants. Soil samples (1997) and harvest products (1996—1998) from a field trial (initiated 1992) were analyzed for K, Mg, P, Cu, Mn, Mo, Zn, Cd, Ni, and Pb. The five-year fertilization with composted biowaste did not influence the total contents of Cd, Mn, Mo, and Ni in soil. The total soil contents of Zn and Pb were significantly higher in soils of the BC treatment than in the unfertilized control. Both fertilized plots tended to have higher Cu and Zn contents in harvest products than the unfertilized control. The mineral fertilization inhibited the Mo uptake by plants. In 1998 the mineral fertilization led to higher, and the biowaste compost application to lower, Cd contents in potato tubers as compared to the control. Auswirkungen einer mehrjahrigen Dungung mit Bioabfallkompost im Vergleich zu mineralischer NPK-Dungung auf die Nahrstoff- und Schwermetallgehalte in Boden und Pflanzen In den letzten Jahren gewinnt der Einsatz von Biokompost als Dunger immer mehr Bedeutung. In dieser Arbeit wurden die Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Dungesysteme: Biokompost (Jahresfracht von durchschnittlich 32 Mg ha—1 Frischgewicht) und mineralischer Dungung (durchschnittlich 83:52:95 kg ha—1 NPK-Dunger im Jahr) auf den Nahrstoff- und Schwermetallgehalt von Boden und Pflanzen untersucht. Von einem Feldversuch (angelegt 1992) wurden Bodenproben aus dem Jahr 1997 und die Ernteprodukte der Jahre 1996—1998 auf die Gehalte an K, Mg, P, Cu, Mn, Mo, Zn, Cd, Ni und Pb analysiert. Nach funfjahriger Dungung mit Bioabfallkompost konnte keine Anreicherung von Cd, Mn, Mo und Ni im Boden festgestellt werden. Bei Zn und Pb konnte in der BC-Variante eine hohere Gesamtkonzentration gemessen werden. Die Cu- und Zn-Gehalte der Pflanzen beider Dungevarianten waren tendenziell hoher als in der ungedungten Kontrolle. Durch die mineralische Dungung wurde die Mo-Aufnahme der Pflanzen gehemmt. Im Jahr 1998 fuhrte bei Kartoffelknollen die mineralische Dungung im Vergleich zur Kontrolle zu hoheren und die Kompostanwendung zu niedrigeren Cd-Gehalten.


Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis | 2003

Slow-Release Zeolite-Bound Zinc and Copper Fertilizers Affect Cadmium Concentration in Wheat and Spinach

Markus Puschenreiter; Othmar Horak

Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in crops is considered one of the major problems which agriculture faces in industrial and urban areas. This study was conducted to determine the influence of fertilization with slow-release zeolite-bound zinc and copper on the cadmium uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Nandu) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L., cv. Matador), two crops with higher tendency to accumulate Cd. The effect of different amounts of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), added singly or in combination to a soil previously treated with CdSO4 was investigated in pot experiments. Combined application of Zn and Cu decreased Cd concentration in wheat grain significantly by 20%, whereas Zn-fertilization resulted in only a slightly decreased Cd concentration; addition of Cu increased grain Cd in one treatment. In the case of spinach, a decrease of Cd levels in the aboveground biomass was observed in all treatments. Combined application of Zn and Cu resulted in a 30% decrease of Cd concentration in the aboveground biomass. Therefore, fertilization with slow-release micronutrients can decrease the concentration of Cd in edible parts of crops and may thus improve quality of agricultural products grown on high Cd soils.


Plant Soil and Environment | 2018

Low-cost agricultural measures to reduce heavy metal transfer into the food chain - a review

Markus Puschenreiter; Othmar Horak; W. Friesl; W. Hartl


Environmental Pollution | 2006

Remediation of contaminated agricultural soils near a former Pb/Zn smelter in Austria: batch, pot and field experiments.

Wolfgang Friesl; Johannes Friedl; K. Platzer; Othmar Horak; Martin H. Gerzabek


Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science | 2003

Immobilization of heavy metals in soils using inorganic amendments in a greenhouse study

Wolfgang Friesl; Enzo Lombi; Othmar Horak; Walter W. Wenzel


Plant and Soil | 2005

Changes of Ni biogeochemistry in the rhizosphere of the hyperaccumulator Thlaspi goesingense

Markus Puschenreiter; Andrea Schnepf; Inés Molina Millán; Walter J. Fitz; Othmar Horak; Jürgen Klepp; T. Schrefl; Enzo Lombi; Walter W. Wenzel


Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science | 2004

Immobilization of heavy metals in soils by the application of bauxite residues: pot experiments under field conditions

Wolfgang Friesl; Othmar Horak; Walter W. Wenzel


Environmental Geochemistry and Health | 2009

Immobilising of Cd, Pb, and Zn contaminated arable soils close to a former Pb/Zn smelter: a field study in Austria over 5 years

Wolfgang Friesl-Hanl; K. Platzer; Othmar Horak; Martin H. Gerzabek

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K. Platzer

Austrian Institute of Technology

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Enzo Lombi

University of South Australia

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Wolfgang Friesl-Hanl

Austrian Institute of Technology

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Johannes Friedl

Queensland University of Technology

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Andrea Watzinger

Austrian Institute of Technology

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Georg Waldner

Austrian Institute of Technology

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Johann Riesing

Austrian Institute of Technology

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T. Schrefl

Danube University Krems

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