Otto Eibl

Obrana, akvizice či nesoutěž? Jak se měnila podoba a intenzita soutěže mezi českými stranami v letech 2006–2014?

Cilem textu je prozkoumat změny v soutěživosti ceskeho stranickeho systemu v letech 2006–2014. Rozpracovavame proto koncepci stranicke soutěže Saniho a Sartoriho tak, aby inkorporovala pozdějsi zjistěni o povaze stranicke soutěže a aby se dala využit i pro fluidni stranicke systemy. Soutěž konceptualizujeme jako vicedimenzionalni a založenou na významnosti jednotlivých dimenzi pro strany a pozicich, ktere strany v těchto dimenzich zastavaji. Rozlisujeme přitom tři typy soutěžnich vztahů: nesoutěženi, obranna a akvizicni soutěž. Soutěženi ceských stran zkoumame na zakladě dat z expertnich dotaznikových setřeni Chapel Hill ve třech dimenzich: socio-ekonomicke, evropske a socialně liberalni/konzervativni. V analýzach se zaměřujeme na změny v pozicich stran a významnosti dimenzi v danem obdobi; zvlastni pozornost věnujeme i strategiim soutěže jednotlivých stran s ohledem na jejich dosavadni působeni (nove vs. tradicni strany). Ve sledovanem obdobi registrujeme proměnu charakteru soutěže v jednotlivých dimenzich (měnila se intenzita soutěženi, významnost dimenzi, prostor, ve kterem soutěž probihala, ale i podily jednotlivých typů soutěže). Při odpovědi na otazku po charakteru ceske stranicke soutěže identifikujeme ve shodě s předchozimi studiemi nejvice soutěženi (s převažně obranným charakterem) v socio-ekonomicke dimenzi, zaroveň ukazujeme, že i v dalsich dvou dimenzich existuje velmi silný potencial pro vznik intenzivni stranicke soutěže v připadě, že se zvýsi jejich významnost.

SENATORIAL ELECTIONS: THE MAJORITY MODEL IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

This article describes and analyses elections to the upper house of the parliament of the Czech Republic, the Senate (Senat). Its chief aim is to outline a typology for election districts and assess the competitiveness of each district based upon the effective number of candidates. Results of the analysis are presented cartographically, with an accompanying description of long-term trends. The article will focus on the most recent elections in October 2012, analysing the results of political parties/candidates, as well as changes to the political elite within the Senate.

Celebrities in Czech politics in 1996–2013

The paper deals with the phenomenon of celebrity politics in the Czech Republic, particularly the involvement of celebrities in Czech politics between 1996 and 2013. The authors draw from the celebrity politics’ typologies of Paul ‘t Hart and Karen Tindall, and John Street. Employing a content analysis of newspaper articles from the journals MF Dnes and Blesk during the periods preceding the elections of the Chamber of Deputies, the authors shed light on celebrity involvement in Czech politics. Specifically, they trace three categories mentioned in the media: the celebrity expression of political topics in general, celebrity political endorsement and the candidacy of celebrities. Building upon the collected data, the authors interpret the results within the political and social context of the parliamentary period and indicate more general patterns of celebrity involvement in Czech politics.

Election Results, Candidate Lists and the Framing of Campaigns

The focus of this chapter is a description and explanation of the basic characteristics of the Czech elections to the European Parliament (EP) in 2014. The first section introduces the electoral system, its properties and basic parameters. This is followed by a description of the election results achieved by the parties, their electoral support and the relationships between the results of elections to the Chamber of Deputies (the lower chamber of the national legislature [Poslanecka sněmovna]) and the EP. The next section analyses in detail the candidate lists proposed by the parties for Members of the EP (MEPs), by the average age, gender and education of the candidates. It also notes the number of candidates/politicians holding an elected office who sought an additional seat at EP level.