Ozan Demirözer

Impacts on Natural Enemies and Competitor Thrips of Insecticides against the Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Fruiting Vegetables

Abstract Newer, selective insecticides with few negative impacts on natural enemies and competitor species are needed for effective, sustainable management of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impacts on natural enemies and competitor thrips species of insecticides used for control of western flower thrips in fruiting vegetables. Trials with tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and with pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) were conducted to evaluate insecticide treatment effects on western flower thrips and natural enemies at the North Florida in 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011. A number of insecticides from different classes showed moderate to high efficacy against western flower thrips. The broad-spectrum insecticides acetamiprid, methomyl, and tolfenpyrad demonstrated activity against the pest, while also reducing populations of the key predator of thrips in pepper, Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Insecticides that showed little impact on populations of O. insidiosus were cyantraniliprole, flonicamid, spirotetramat, and terpenes. Although only moderately active against the western flower thrips, they would be valuable additions to existing management programs for pepper. Insecticides with activity against western flower thrips also showed activity against Frankliniella tritici (Fitch). This non-damaging congener species is a beneficial because it out-competes the western flower thrips, especially in tomato where O. insidiosus is not a major factor in western flower thrips management. Numerous insecticides were identified with activity against the western flower thrips that are suitable for use in integrated pest management programs of fruiting vegetables.

Mathematical modeling and an application of the filled function method in entomology

Macrosiphum rosae (L.) is one of the most destructive pests for Rosa damascena (Miller) when it is found in high numbers. In order to understand the population dynamics of this pest, our priority should be the determination of what extent environmental factors affect the pest population. In this study, we apply fuzzy logic modeling to visualize the population variations, which depends on the environmental factors (temperature and humidity), by using the data obtained from the field studies. After that, we determine the values of temperature and humidity that makes the number of M. rosae maximum by using the filled function method as a global optimization technique.

Investigations on pests, diseases and present early warning system of apple orchards in Isparta, Turkey

As a result of three year surveys performed in the apple orchards in Isparta region, 19 pest species belonging to 4 orders were determined and it was found that the main pest was codling moth. Most of the predators and parasitoids were effective against aphids and they were mostly found in the orchards where selective pesticides were used. Apple scab and powdery mildew were the most common and important diseases. Biology of codling moth and apple scab in the region were investigated. By using the obtained data, proper application times were given and some recommendations regarding integrated pest management program in apple orchards, were summarized.

The chalcid parasitoid complex (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) associated with the globose scale (Sphaerolecanium prunastri Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in Isparta Province, Turkey and some east European countries

The globose scale (GS) Sphaerolecanium prunastri Fonscolombe (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) is a common and harmful soft scale species which attacks Prunus spp. and other stone fruit trees throughout the Holarctic, including the Isparta Province of Turkey. A study is being undertaken on the phenology of GS in Isparta Province and, in particular, the chalcidoid parasitoids are being studied for their possible role in biocontrol of GS. Five study sites were chosen as representative of the stone fruit-growing area of the Isparta region.This is the first study on the phenology, degree of plant damage and host-parasitoid relations of this scale in Turkey. The experimental sites included three in which pesticides were being used and two that were undisturbed conserved areas. The 15 species of chalcidoid parasitoids of GS known for the south-eastern Europe are listed, and a comparison of the parasitoid complexes of Turkey and some of other European countries is given. The observations revealed that the scale was heavily parasitized in the unsprayed plots. Parasitism by the chalcidoid complexes did not differ in seasonal occurrence and abundance, and was stable. The main primary parasitoid of GS was Discodes coccophagus Ratzeburg (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). The species Aprostocetus trjapitzini Kostjukov is recorded for the first time in Turkey.ZusammenfassungDie Pflaumenschildlaus (GS) Sphaerolecanium prunastri Fonscolombe (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) ist eine verbreitete schädliche Schildlausart, die Prunus-Arten und andere Steinfruchtbäume in der Holarktis einschließlich der Provinz Isparta in der Türkei befällt. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Phänologie von GS und insbesondere die potenzielle Rolle der Schildlausparasitoide bei der biologischen Bekämpfung der GS stand im Vordergrund. Fünf Untersuchungsstandorte wurden stellvertretend für die Anbaugebiete von Steinfrüchten in der Provinz Isparta ausgewählt.Dies ist die erste Studie über die Phänologie, das Ausmaß der Pflanzenschäden und über die Wirt-Parasitoid-Beziehungen dieser Schildlaus in der Türkei. An drei der Versuchsorte wurden bisher Pestizide eingesetzt und zwei waren ungestörte Schutzgebiete. Die 15 Arten der aufgeführten Parasitoide von GS sind im Südosten Europas bekannt, und es wird ein Vergleich der parasitoiden Komplexe in der Türkei und in einigen europäischen Ländern beschrieben. Die Beobachtungen zeigten, dass die Schildlaus in den unbehandelten Parzellen stark parasitiert wurde. Der Parasitismus unterschied sich nicht hinsichtlich des saisonalen Auftretens und der Häufigkeit und erwies sich als stabil. Der Haupt-parasitoid von GS war die Schlupfwespe Dicodes coccophagus Ratzeburg (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Über das Vorkommen der Art Aprostocetus trjapitzini Kostjukov in der Türkei wird zum ersten Mal berichtet.

Association of Pepper with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Influences Populations of the Herbivore Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Abstract The symbiosis of plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can improve crop growth by enhancing nutrient uptake and by increasing plant tolerance to certain pests. Pest populations also can be affected, but the effects of mycorrhizal colonization of plant hosts on species of thrips are unknown. We inoculated 2-week-old bell pepper seedling roots with a commercial mycorrhizal mixture of Glomus species (Glomales: Zygomycotina) and evaluated the effects 8 wks later on the bell pepper pest, western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)). Females that were 10-days-old after adult emergence significantly preferred plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizae compared with noninoculated plants in a laboratory choice experiment. Their numbers were greater on inoculated plants 48 h after release into cages containing inoculated and noninoculated plants. A no-choice laboratory experiment compared performance of F. occidentalis on noninoculated and inoculated bell pepper plants. Females that were 10-days-old after adult emergence were released into cages containing individual plants, and there were significantly greater total thrips (larvae, pupae, and adults) on treated plants. Further testing over a range of plant host fertility levels is needed to evaluate the potential for increased pest damage from F. occidentalis on crops growing in mutualistic symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Additional interactions with other microorganisms and natural enemies are possible under field conditions.

New data on the genus Chrysotoxum Meigen (Diptera: Syrphidae) from North-East Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran including descriptions of three new species

New data and records of the genus Chrysotoxum Meigen, 1803 are reported, arising from taxonomic and faunistic examination of adult specimens collected from 1920 to 2011 from four northeastern provinces of Turkey (Erzurum, Bayburt, Kars, and Artvin), and from the neighboring countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran. Three new species are described: Chrysotoxum antennalis Vujić, Nedeljković & Hayat sp. n., C. clausseni Vujić, Nedeljković & Hayat sp. n. and C. persicum Vujić, Nedeljković & Hayat sp. n. The first two are known only from northeastern Turkey, and the third also occurs in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran. These new species have in common an antenna with the basoflagellomere being shorter than the scape and pedicel together. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4C264678-8E47-4DE0-AC7D-91DABC597BCD

Seasonal abundance of Thysanoptera species in Tillandsia usneoides (Poales: Bromeliaceae)

Abstract Spanish moss, Tillandsia usneoides (L.) (Poales: Bromeliaceae), is widely distributed in the southeastern United States. A diversity of arthropod species from numerous taxa are known to inhabit this common epiphytic plant. Thysanoptera species inhabiting Spanish moss were sampled monthly over the course of a year from trees in 4 different genera and included 10 species of thrips from 8 genera and 3 families represented. Breeding populations of predatory Karnyothrips (Phlaeothripidae) were common in Spanish moss during all months of the year. The adults of 2 phytophagous species of Frankliniella (Thripidae) were common in the spring months, but only a few larvae were collected over the course of the year. The adults of other species collected were: Heterothrips quercicola J. C. Crawford (Heterothripidae); Chilothrips pini Hood, Neohydatothrips variabilis (Beach), and Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard) (Thripidae); and Hoplandrothrips pergandei Hinds and Liothrips ocellatus Hood (Phlaeothripidae). Although a diverse group of phytophagous thrips species inhabited Spanish moss, there was little evidence that it was a host. It may simply have been a temporary shelter with no other biological significance. The predatory thrips were abundant probably feeding on the diverse group of small arthropods that inhabit Spanish moss.

First record of Coptotriche angusticollella (Duponchel, 1843) (Lepidoptera: Tischeriidae) on the oil-bearing rose in Turkey

Abstract Coptotriche spp. are known to cause damage on plants of Rosaceae and Fagaceae. Coptotriche angusticollella (Duponchel, 1843) (Lepidoptera: Tischeriidae) was recorded for the first time infesting the oil-bearing rose, Rosa damascena, at the last half of May 2017 in Isparta, Turkey. It should not be ignored that C. angusticollella can be a potential risk posed to the oil-bearing rose crop

Contribution to the Knowledge of the Stratiomyidae (Diptera) Fauna of Turkey

ABSTRACT: The present contribution is based upon stratiomyids (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) collected in Turkey between 1973 and 2014. A total of 29 species belonging to Beridinae, Clitellariinae, Sarginae, Stratiomyinae and Nemotelinae have been recorded. Among them, Actina chalybea Meigen, 1804, Adoxomyia dahlii (Meigen, 1830) and Nemotelus uliginosus (Linnaeus, 1758) are new records for the Turkish insect fauna. Additionally, the genus Actina was also recorded from Turkey for the first time. New distribution areas for previously known species were added. A Zoogeographic characterization is proposed for each species.

Effective factors on host choice of phytophagous thrips and possibilities of use for control

Thripsler bitkilerde beslenerek ve yumurta birakarak dogrudan, tospoviruslerin vektorlugunu yaparak dolayli zararlara neden olmaktadir. Beslenme, barinma ve ureme icin bitki seciminde konukcuya bagli bircok faktor onemli rol oynamaktadir. Konukcu bitki seciminde ilk uyaranin konukcu rengi ve ikincisinin ise konukcu kokulari oldugu bilinmektedir. Konukcunun besin icerigi, morfolojik ozellikleri, bitkinin farkli aksamlari ve konukcunun farkli etmenlerle bulasikligi gibi faktorler de thrips turlerine gore degisiklik gostererek konukcu tercihinde etkili olabilmektedir. Konukcu tercihlerinde etkili olan uyaricilar zararli thrips turlerinin populasyonlarinin takibi ve mucadelelerinde kullanilan stratejilerin belirlenmesinde onem tasimaktadir. Konukcuya bagli uyaricilarin dikkate alinmasi ve bunlarin bir araya getirilmesi thripslerle mucadeleyi daha etkili hale getirebilmektedir. Thrips turlerinin kendilerine ozgu davranissal ozellikleri, thripslerle mucadelede alternatif yontemlerin ve destekleyici stratejilerin gerekliligini ortaya koymaktadir. Bu calismada, fitofag thripslerin konukcu tercihlerinde etkili olan faktorler ele alinmis ve bu faktorlerin thrips mucadelesinde kullanim durumlari degerlendirilmistir.