Özlenen Erdem İşmal

Valorisation of almond shell waste in ultrasonic biomordanted dyeing: alternatives to metallic mordants

An agroindustrial waste, outer green shell of almond fruit has been valorised as a novel natural dye using chemical solvent-free extraction, small amount of metallic mordants, one-bath biomordanted dyeing, ultrasonic medium, auxiliary-free dyeing and washing. The main objective of this study is to evaluate biomordants vs. metallic mordants depending on heating system both in extraction and dyeing and to reveal alternatives to metallic mordants. Effects of conventional- and ultrasound-assisted systems on dyeing and fastness properties were investigated. Wool fabrics dyed using metallic mordants (alum, iron II sulphate, copper II sulphate and potassium dichromate) were compared with the samples dyed in conjunction with biomordants [powder of valex (acorn of Quercus ithaburensis ssp. macrolepis), pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) rind, rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and thuja (Thuja orientalis) leaves] in terms of colour yield, colour coordinates and fastness properties. Heating system had significant effects on dyeing and fastness results. Power ultrasound did not present any advantage in colour yield increment while it presented different effects on fastness values depending on mordant and process type of which ultrasound was applied. Some biomordants could be replaced with metallic mordants depending on their types and heating system. They could produce completely different colour gamuts just like metallic mordants.

Greener natural dyeing pathway using a by-product of olive oil; prina and biomordants

The current study is the first report of using biomordants with prina extract as a possible substitute for environmentally unfavourable metallic mordants. As a part of sustainable and cleaner production approach, eco-friendly natural dyeing conditions were presented in terms of cost and consumption efficiencies. A novel and renewable natural dye source prina is an essential by-product of olive oil production. This biomass was valorized in wool dyeing in conjunction with biomordants namely powder of iris germanica (I. Versicolor), valex (acorn of Quercus ithaburensis ssp.macrolepis), pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) rind, rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), and thuja (thuja orientalis). Their color coordinates and fastness properties were compared and assessed versus metallic mordants. Prina extract itself without mordant has a fair light fastness of 3 and an excellent washing fastness of 4-5 both for color change and bleeding. Valex, pomegranate rind, iris, rosemary, and thuja leaves were proposed as promising alternatives to alum, iron II sulfate, copper II sulfate, stannous chloride, and potassium dichromate. Biomordants generated significant color yield increment and exhibited equivalent fastness properties to metallic mordants. Water, energy, dye, chemical cost, and consumption of natural and synthetic dyeings on the basis of mill conditions were also calculated and compared mutually. Total recipe cost and chemicals/auxiliary consumption of natural dyeing are on average significantly less than with synthetic dyeing. Considerable savings are possible with natural dyeing, especially one-bath, in terms of cost, time, and consumption.

Composite textiles in high-performance apparel

The chapter on composite textiles in high performance apparel starts with different composite materials and their structure. Further, it moves on to the classification, advantages and properties of these composite materials. Then there is a discussion on various technologies that can be used to fabricate composite materials. Topics like composite textiles as well as apparel are covered in detail. Further, the categories of functional apparel are discussed, with a clear focus on the types of protective textiles and apparel. There is also a dedicated section on space suits, and the chapter ends with a note on the future trends in this area.

Non-apparel applications of denim

In this chapter, the possibilities for increasing denim market share through alternative non-apparel applications are elaborated. Further, the importance of design, and ecological approaches to denim product creation, are evaluated in light of rising demand for creativity as well as changing consumer trends and demand. Current non-apparel applications of denim are highlighted with industrial, academic and artistic studies. Future development possibilities for such applications, and expectations of consumers, are also discussed.