Özüm Tunçyürek

Prevalence of testicular microlithiasis in an asymptomatic population

Testicular microlithiasis is a rare, usually asymptomatic, finding of the testes associated with various genetic anomalies and infertility. It is also widely believed that testicular microlithiasis is strongly associated with testicular tumor. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the true prevalence of testicular microlithiasis in an asymptomatic population by means of ultrasound screening. Healthy male volunteers (17–42 years old) were recruited from the annual Army Reserve Officer Training Corps training camp at Manisa, Turkey. A screening genitourinary history was obtained and a physical examination and screening scrotal ultrasound scan were performed. All men diagnosed with testicular microlithiasis underwent complete clinical evaluations, physical examinations and determination of tumor markers. Fifty-three men with testicular microlithiasis were identified from the 2179 ultrasound scans, giving a prevalence of testicular microlithiasis of 2.4% in this asymptomatic population. The age (mean±SD) of subjects with testicular microlithiasis was 23.9±4.2 years (range 20–31 years). Our results suggest that there is no significant association between TM and testicular cancer, although it is difficult to rule out such an association without further studies with a longer follow-up period.

Age-specific size of the upper airway structures in children during development.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to establish the largest magnetic resonance imaging study so far, by including 292 cases in a prospective fashion, to investigate the normative values of the upper airway and surrounding tissues during development. Methods: We enrolled in the study 448 children who underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging. We included 292 patients who had no sleep disorders or any associated symptom that could be related to breathing disorders. Using midsagittal and axial images, we evaluated the variations in size of the upper airway tissues. Results: On images from the midsagittal plane, the normative values of the length and the thickness of the soft palate, the length and height of the tongue, the distance between the mental spine and the clivus, the thickness of the adenoid pad and the nasopharyngeal area, the adenoid pad oblique width, the soft palate oblique width, and the tongue oblique width were obtained for several age groups. Using images from the axial plane at the level of maximal tonsillar cross-sectional area, we measured the normative values of the mean tonsillar width and intertonsillar space. Conclusions: Magnetic resonance imaging is an excellent method of assessing upper airway structures. Knowledge of variations in size of the upper airway and surrounding tissues is essential in determining the significance of incidental findings in this area.

What is the importance of radiology in obstructive sleep apnea

Lipomas are rare, and they rarely arise in deep soft tissue. Only few cases associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have been reported. Because of radiologic examinations (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) in a case with OSA, a rarely observed large lipoma was encountered in the retropharyngeal region. In the case that was followed, the apnea-hypopnea index was measured. The radiologic examination of the upper airway of the case with OSA symptoms was presented.

Pathological rupture of the normal spleen: Review with the literature

Highlights • Atraumatic spontaneous rupture of the spleen is an uncommon but fatal case.• A healty spleen does not rupture without marked trauma.• Although atraumatic rupture of the spleen is not prevalent, it has highly fatal outcomes without CT exam.

Neuroimaging Techniques for Investigation of the Insula

The insula which is deeply placed to the temporal lobe of the brain has many important functions, even though it accounts for only 2% of the brains cortical surfaces. Much of the information we have about the functions of the insula is owed to the developments in magnetic resonance (MR) technology. We can clarify whether the insula is affected by pathological conditions with advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques such as diffusion-weighted MRI, susceptibility-weighted MRI, perfusion MRI, and MR spectroscopy. We can also get important information about the functions of the insula with functional MRI (fMRI), which allows functional evaluation. Another purpose in imaging is to determine the possible risks before operation and contribute to operation planning, by assigning areas of social and vital functions such as speech, motor, and cardiopulmonary functions.

Concurrent Occurrence of Brain Tuberculoma Along with Spinal Cord Tuberculoma

Today, tuberculosis (TB) still constitutes a major problem in developing countries like Turkey. The spread of TB in the society is closely associated with increased prevalence of the immune system deficiencies such as acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The current chapter will focus on tuberculous meningitis and spinal TB. In both entities, the cranial and spinal involvement may occur concurrently. Owing to the fact that the clinical symptoms offer little help for the differential diagnosis, imaging plays a crucial role for this purpose. Intracranial and spinal tuberculomas which act as single space-occupying lesions that are accompanied by midline shifts and increased intracranial pressure and which fail to respond to chemotherapy should be removed surgically.

Imaging Findings for Methanol Intoxication

Anahtar kelimeler: bilgisayarlı tomografi; manyetik rezonans görüntüleme; metanol zehirlenmesi Methanol has a high toxicity in humans with two mechanisms. First, methanol can be fatal due to its central nervous system (CNS) depressant properties in the same manner as ethanol poisoning. Second, in a process of toxication, it is metabolized to formic acid. Formic acid is toxic because it inhibits mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase, causing the symptoms of hypoxia at the cellular level, and also causing metabolic acidosis3.

Is Melatonin Protective in Contrast Material Related Renal Failure

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of melatonin on the renal injury resulting from radiocontrast media and myoglobinuria in male Wistar albino rats. Material and Method: 50% glycerol at equal amounts was intramuscularly administered to both hind legs of all animals under ether anesthesia at the dose of 10 mg/kg. Three hours later, the groups were administered the following: Group I (number:7): Iopromide(Ultravist -300®) at the dose of 2 ml/kg (intracardiac); Group II (number:7): Iopromide(Ultravist -300®) and intraperitoneally administered Melatonin at the dose of 10 mg/ kg (Melatonin was dissolved in 7.5% absolute ethanol and further dilutions were made in saline.); and Group III (number:7): 2 ml/kg of sterile physiologic saline (Control group). The levels of Uurea, Ccreatinine and Ccystatin C were studied on the blood samples collected. The renal samples were evaluated by 2two distinct pathologists who did not know the protocol. Results: There was no difference in the values of Creatinine and cystatin c between Groups 2 and 3 (p=0.9; 0.2). Discussion: In conclusion, we evaluated the possible prevention of contrast-induced oxidative stress in the kidney with using melatonin. However, additional clinical studies are needed to evaluate the role of preventive melatonin treatment in humans.

Hepatic Vein Doppler Waveform Changes in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Hepatomegaly

Aim: Doppler Ultrasonography (DUS) has become an important diagnostic technique in the hepatic vasculature evaluation. Fatty infiltration of the liver can also change the Doppler findings -like cirrhosis- of hepatic veins. Diffuse fatty liver (DFL) is the most common finding in liver with the method of ultrasonography. Most literature reports mention the effect of chronic liver

Chiari Type 2 Anomaly Associated with a Thyroglossal Cyst

This is a case report of Chiari type 2 (C2) malformation associated with a thyroglossal duct cyst. A 3-month-old female patient with myelomeningocele was examined with cranial and spinal MRI. The imaging protocol included T1- and T2-weighted sequences. MRI revealed typical findings of C2 malformation and a thyroglossal cyst located at the base of the tongue. We hypothesize that occurrence of C2 malformation and the thyroglossal cyst is not totally independent, but instead, their association shown in the present case may be related to incomplete embryonic development. However, further studies and research are needed in order to prove this hypothesis.