P.R. O'Quinn

Conjugated linoleic acid

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), first positively identified in 1987 (Ha et al.), is a collective term describing the positional and geometric conjugated dienoic isomers of linoleic acid. Linoleic acid (C18:2) has double bonds located on carbons 9 and 12, both in the cis (c) configuration, whereas CLA has either the cis or trans (t) configuration or both located along the carbon chain. Sources of CLA have been shown to elicit many favorable biological responses including: (i) increased rate and (or) efficiency of gain in growing rats (Chin et al., 1994) and pigs (Dugan et al., 1997; Thiel et al., 1998; O’Quinn PR, Waylan AT, Nelssen JL et al., submitted for publication); (ii) reduced fat deposition and increased lean in mice (Park et al., 1997) and pigs (Dugan et al., 1997; Thiel et al., 1998; O’Quinn et al., 2000a); (iii) improved immune function in rats and chicks (Cook et al., 1993; Sugano et al., 1998); and (iv) reduced atherosclerosis in rabbits (Lee et al., 1994) and hamsters (Nicolosi et al., 1997). Conjugated linoleic acid is also a potent anticarcinogen in vivo and in vitro (Ha et al., 1990; Ip et al., 1991; Durgam and Fernandes, 1997) and may exhibit some antioxidant properties (Decker, 1995), possibly as a result of its involvement in the metabolism of a-tocopherol (O’Quinn et al., 1999). Additionally, CLA increases adipocyte insulin sensitivity (Houseknecht et al., 1998b) and, therefore, has become a highly studied factor for the management of type I (Collier et al., 1988) and type II (Hendra et al., 1991; Singh et al., 1992) diabetes mellitus, a disease affecting over 100 million people in the United States alone (Pickup and Crook (1998).

Sorting growing-finishing pigs by weight fails to improve growth performance or weight variation

A trial was conducted to determine the effects of sorting pigs by body weight at placement on growth performance and weight variation at finishing. Unsorted pigs and heavy sorted pigs had higher ADG than medium or light sorted pigs. By the end of the trial, final body weights ranked in the following descending order: heavy sorted, unsorted, medium sorted, and light sorted. Final weights of unsorted pigs were heavier than the average final weight of all sorted pigs. Additionally, differences in body weight variation were not detectable by the end of the study. These data suggest that sorting pigs uniformly by weight to pens has little effect on final variability in individual body weights and placing pigs into pens regardless of weight may increase the amount of pork produced from a system and reduce turnaround time in barns.

Effects of source and level of added chromium on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs

This report is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. Copyright 1998 Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service.

Effects of feeding modified tall oil and supplemental potassium and magnesium on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs

Eighty crossbred gilts (initially 45.9 kg) were allotted randomly to one of four dietary treatments by weight and ancestry. The trial was arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial with two levels of modified tall oil (MTO) (0 or 0.50%) and added K2SO4-2MgSO4 (0 or 2%), equating to daily K and Mg intakes of 10.84 and 7.75 g, respectively. The corn-soybean meal diets were fed in two phases [45.9 to 76.2 and 76.2 to 118.1 kg body weight (BW)], and supplemental K/Mg was added in place of corn for the final 7 d preslaughter (starting at 114.1 kg BW). Dietary treatment did not affect (P > 0.10) average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), or gain to feed ratio (G/F). Feeding MTO decreased average backfat (P = 0.05) and increased intramuscular marbling (P = 0.04). Modified tall oil increased (P = 0.02) percentage lean, and K/Mg supplementation lowered (P = 0.04) longissimus muscle glycogen content. Dietary treatment did not affect (P > 0.10) other carcass characteristics or measures of meat quality. Feeding M...

Effects of modified tall oil versus conjugated linoleic acid on finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics

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Influence of soybean meal variety and processing temperature on the growth performance of pigs from 25 to 45 lb.

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Influence of added zinc from zinc oxide on starter pig performance

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Effects of modified tall oil, chromium nicotinate, and L-carnitine on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing gilts.

This report is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. Copyright 1999 Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service.

Influence of dietary supplementation of modified tall oil, chromium nicotinate, and L-carnitine on bacon characteristics

This report is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. Copyright 1999 Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service.

Influence of dietary supplementation of modified tall oil, chromium nicotinate, and L-carnitine on pork chop display color stability, warnerbratzler shear, and sensory panel traits

This report is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. Copyright 1999 Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service.