P. W. James

Checklist of British Lichen-Forming, Lichenicolous And Allied Fungi

A new checklist of the lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi occuring in the British Isles (including Ireland) is presented. The total number of species accepted is 1701, distributed through 294 genera. Of these species 1471 are lichen-forming, 183 lichenicolous, and 47 allied fungi. In addition to incorporating the results of investigations published since the last checklishts, the list embodies a great deal of original work by the authors and their collaborators; as a result a considerable number of changes in nomenclature are made here for the first time, including one new genus (Herteliana) and 56 new combinations. Names utilized in previous checklists are cross-referenced and relevant papers cited under generic heads.

Studies on the Genus Nephroma II. The Southern Temperate Species

This paper reassesses the southern temperate South American and Australasian species of Nephroma , analyses their chemistry and provides a key to the 14 species and three varieties accepted. N. occultum from North America is also discussed due to its close relationship to N. microphyllum and N. papillosum . Three pairs of morphotypes are described for the first time: N. analogicum-N. chubutense, N. kuehnemannii-N. microphyllum and N. skottsbergii-N. papillosum. N. papillosum sp. nov. and N. skottsbergii sp. nov. from Chile and Argentina are newly described. N. lobuligerum and N. lepidophyllum are reduced to varietal rank. N. lyallii is placed in synonymy with N. plumbeum and a new combination N. plumbeum var. isidiatum (J. Murray) F. J. White & P. James is made.

LICHENS OF THE CONISTON COPPER MINES

Lichen communities at four sites of copper sulphide mineralization and associated secondary oxidation products are described from an old mining area at Coniston in the English Lake District. Five lichen species new to Britain, Stereocaulon symphycheilum, Lecanora handelii, Rhizocarpon furfurosum, Lecidea atrofulva and L. inops , are briefly described, the last mentioned being a specific indicator of copper mineralization. The species complex, Lecidea auriculata, L. diducens and L. inops , is discussed in some detail. Toninia leucophaeopsis and the non- British Bilimbia tornensis are distinct species and are both referred to the genus Stereocaulon .

Macrolichens in Tasmanian rainforests

macrolichens, including 12 new records, are reported for cool temperate rainforests in Tasmania. These species belong mainly to the austral cool temperate element. A descriptive account of the lichen floras from five major rainforest communi- ties is given. Field observations suggest that substrate and light are the most important ecological factors affecting the distribution of lichens in rainforest. Although most species are widespread in Tasmania, large-scale disturbance and the fragmentation of rainforest stands is seen as a threat to their survival. Abundance subjectively assessed) and presence-absence data for macrolichens were obtained from over 300, 20 x 20 m quadrats examined during a survey of higher plant communities in cool temperate rain- forest in Tasmania. The quadrats were located subjectively to include a broad range of geographical, altitudinal and topographical situations within rainforest vegetation. Lichen data were recorded from the lower levels of the forest (to 3—4 m above the ground surface) and included epiphytic, saxicolous and terricolous species. Due to their inaccessibility, canopy lichens were incompletely surveyed but limited information was derived from litter, fallen branches and, more rarely, from fallen trees. Supplementary data from previous work (Kantvilas & James, unpublished) and from numerous spot- checks in a range of vegetation types provided a general overview for the lichen survey.

Studies on the Genus Nephroma I. The European and Macaronesian Species

This paper reassesses the European and Macaronesian species of Nephroma , analyses their chemistry, and provides a key to the 14 species accepted. The investigation employs chemical techniques which enable even fragmentary material to be identified. Seven chemical groupings are recognized in the genus of which four occur in the species discussed here. Particular emphasis is placed on the distribution of major hopane triterpenoids within the genus. N. areolatum , N. foliolatum , N. hensseniae and N. sulcatum spp. nov. are described from Macaronesia, and N. tangeriense (Maheu & A. Gillet) Zahlbr., is accepted as distinct.

The macrolichens of tasmanian rainforest: key and notes

An identification key to 128 macrolichen species from Tasmanian rainforest is presented. Additional data on the flora are also included. Five new species, Menegazzia caesiopruinosa P. James, M. confusa P. James, M. inactiva P. James & Kantvilas, M. minuta P. James & Kantvilas and M. subbullata P. James & Kantvilas, are described, and the new combination Leioderma amphibolum (Knight) P. M. Jorgensen & D. Galloway is made.

New or Interesting British Lichens V * The Lichenologist

Notes and keys are provided for British members of the Trapeliaceae. The genus Placynthiella Gyelnik is resurrected to accommodate the Lecidea uliginosa group: P. hyporhoda (Th. Fr.) comb, nov., P. icmalea (Ach.) comb, nov., P. oligotropha (Laundon) comb. nov. and P. uliginosa (Schrader) comb. nov. Aphanopsis Nyl. ex P. Sydow is recognized for the single species A. coenosa (Ach.) comb, nov., and attention is drawn to the enigmatic Biatora humida Kullhem. The Lecidea granulosa group is referred to Trapeliopsis , necessitating four new combinations, T. aeneofusca (Florke ex Flotow) comb, nov., T. flexuosa (Fr.) comb, nov., T. gelatinosa (Florke) comb. nov. and T. viridescens (Schrader) comb, nov., and the description of one new species, T. pseudogranulosa sp. nov. Special attention is given to sorediate species of Trapelia , including T. corticola sp. nov. and T. placodioides sp. nov.

THE LICHEN GENUS PSOROMIDIUM STIRTON

The Southern Hemisphere genus Psoromidium Stirton (Lecanorales, Pannariaceae) is closely related to certain elements within the heterogeneous genus Psoroma Michx, but is distinguished by the absence of a photobiontin the apothecial margin. In Psoromidium , as in Psoroma , the main photobiont is green and is present in a layer below the upper cortex of the squamules; Nostoc occurs in scattered, well-defined cephalodia. Two species are known: P. aleuroides , with an Australasian distribution, and P. versicolor , anaustral species from Tasmania, Fuegia and the subantarctic Auckland Islands group of New Zealand. Anatomy, morphology, distribution, habitat ecology and taxonomy of the two species are discussed. Psoromaria Nyl. is a synonym of Psoromidium .

Further Nomenclature and Chemical Notes on Pseudocyphellaria in New Zealand

Nomenclatural notes on the following taxa are provided: Pseudocyphellaria billardierii, P. carpoloma, P. faveolata, P. rufovirescens and P. subvariabilis. Detailed chemical profiles are given for all described species of Pseudocyphellaria in New Zealand. Pseudocyphellaria ardesiaca, P. degelii, P. durietzii, P. fimbriata, P. fimbriatoides, P. gretae, P. knightii, P. maculata and P. sericeofulva spp. nov. are described for the first time.

NOMENCLATURAL NOTES ON PSEUDOCYPHELLARIA IN NEW ZEALAND

At present 40 species of Pseudocyphellaria are recognised in the New Zealand flora, ten of which appear to be new and will be described elsewhere. In the present account, the 30 published taxa are listed alphabetically and, where applicable, the synonymy of confused species is discussed. The following 13 new combinations are made: P. coerulescens (Mont.), P. condensata (Zahlbr.), P. coriacea (Hook.f. & Taylor), P. delisea (Fee), P. dissimilis (Nyl.), P. hookeri (Church.Bab.), P. lividofusca (Krempelh.), P. moruagnei (Church. Bab.), P. multifida (Laurer), P. poculifera (Miill.Arg.), P. psilophylla (Miill.Arg.), P. pubescent (Miill.Arg.), and P. rubella (Hook.f. & Taylor). 85 taxa are reduced to synonymy with known species.