Paawan Sharma

HAAR like Feature-Based Car Key Detection Using Cascade Classifier

The paper reports effective real-time implementation for specific object detection in an image or sequence of images. For the present work, car key has been taken as an object under consideration. The classifier is developed using OpenCV-Python. The procedure encompasses training and detection. A wide variety of object images are used for training purpose. The developed xml classifier is then tested on separate test images. The classifier has a good success rate with minimal false object detection rate.

Development of Wireless Data Acquisition and Control System for Smart Microgrid

Smart grid is the most ingenious and experimental technology in the present era. Assimilation of information and communication technologies with electrical infrastructure is the fundamental part of smart grid deployment. Smart grid communication architecture is a methodical framework of networks incorporating varied set of communication standards. Microgrid is the significant component of smart grid as it facilitates and expedites the usage of renewable energy assets. It can resolve the critical problems like unelectrified villages, electricity theft, depletion of fossil fuels, GHG emissions and greenhouse effect. Smart microgrid can function in two modes, namely grid-connected and island mode. It also encompasses hierarchical communication networks for automation of entire system. This paper describes the design and implementation of data acquisition and control system for smart microgrid prototype using IEEE 802.3 and IEEE 802.11 standards.

Design of a Low-Cost Potato Quality Monitoring System

The paper reports design and fabrication of a low-cost solution for monitoring food quality. Owing to its widespread popularity worldwide for regular food item, potato has been chosen as an object to be classified according to quality features such as size, shape, surface texture, and color. The system design includes classifier design for potato detection, ROI segregation, and analysis of certain statistical parameter. For the present study, potatoes have been classified as grade-1 and grade-2. Grade-1 potatoes are those which have to be retained while grade-2 potatoes have to be discarded. ARM-based embedded platform has been chosen for implementation. The system performance meets the required specifications.

Modeling and Simulation of ECG Signal for Heartbeat Application

The heart disease is dangerous and threat to human life. Most number of heart diseases are observed in the recent years. The diseases are diagnosed and cured completely if predicted in advance. The ECG signal, which contains the data, can be processed by different methods; there is a huge movement for the healthcare applications, which consists portable, less-cost monitoring applications like wearable watches, T-shirts. Electrocardiogram signal processing module is implemented in VHDL and simulation on mentor graphics Modelsim simulator. The digital filtering with low pass FIR architecture (FIR is better than IIR). Filters shall remove the 50 Hz coupled noise and other high frequency noises; the filtered signal is fed to STFT (short-time Fourier transform) through which a lot of interference can be observed by the medical experts. An ECG signal which is a function of MATLAB is used as test input for Modelsim tool for simulation and functional verification.

Integration of Cognitive Radio with Heterogeneous Smart Grid Communication Architecture

The existing power grid is going through a massive transformation with an integration of electrical and communication architectures. Smart grid is a radical approach to overcome the limitations of existing electricity grid. Smart grid is characterized by full duplex communication, distribution automation, renewable energy integration, advanced metering infrastructure, active participation of consumers, fault diagnosis and isolation with self-healing capability, and complete monitoring and control of entire power grid. Integration of information and communication technologies for realization of intelligent grid requires huge amount of spectrum space. Bandwidth is a restricted resource. Cognitive radio technology can facilitate an effective use of available spectrum. This paper is expected to serve as a comprehensive review of application of cognitive radio technology for smart grid communication infrastructure and various spectrum sensing techniques for energy efficiency.

Cross Layer Optimization and Simulation of Smart Grid Home Area Network

An electrical “Grid” is a network that carries electricity from power plants to customer premises. Smart Grid is an assimilation of electrical and communication infrastructure. Smart Grid is characterized by bidirectional flow of electricity and information. Smart Grid is a complex network with hierarchical architecture. Realization of complete Smart Grid architecture necessitates diverse set of communication standards and protocols. Communication network protocols are engineered and established on the basis of layered approach. Each layer is designed to produce an explicit functionality in association with other layers. Layered approach can be modified with cross layer approach for performance enhancement. Complex and heterogeneous architecture of Smart Grid demands a deviation from primitive approach and reworking of an innovative approach. This paper describes a joint or cross layer optimization of Smart Grid home/building area network based on IEEE 802.11 standard using RIVERBED OPNET network design and simulation tool. The network performance can be improved by selecting various parameters pertaining to different layers. Simulation results are obtained for various parameters such as WLAN throughput, delay, media access delay, and retransmission attempts. The graphical results show that various parameters have divergent effects on network performance. For example, frame aggregation decreases overall delay but the network throughput is also reduced. To prevail over this effect, frame aggregation is used in combination with RTS and fragmentation mechanisms. The results show that this combination notably improves network performance. Higher value of buffer size considerably increases throughput but the delay is also greater and thus the choice of optimum value of buffer size is inevitable for network performance optimization. Parameter optimization significantly enhances the performance of a designed network. This paper is expected to serve as a comprehensive analysis and performance enhancement of communication standard suitable for Smart Grid HAN applications.

Stabilization of Underactuated Mechanical System Using LQR Technique

The two-link inverted pendulum on cart (TLIPOC) is a widely known system having underactuation property. TLIPOC is a highly unstable and nonlinear system. The modelling of TLIPOC is obtained using Euler–Lagrangian approach. In this paper use of optimal control minimizing a quadratic cost functional is discussed. The aim of the paper is to stabilize the TLIPOC using linear quadratic regulator (LQR) technique. MATLAB simulations are used to show the efficiency and feasibility of proposed approach.

Wireless Sensor Network Based Patient Health Monitoring and Tracking System

Hospitals need to be equipped with facilities and services to monitor the patients at all times. Due to large number of patients and limited number of doctors, it gets difficult for the doctors to visit each and every patient, and keep track of their improving or deteriorating health condition. This paper presents the structure of an embedded system that could monitor and keep a track of the patients’ position and health condition at all times. It makes use of a Wireless Sensor Network of Xbee radios to acquire data, which is then saved in a local database of the central system and simultaneously, also uploaded on an online database to be made available for the doctors to access at all times. The system makes use of active RFID cards to track the position of the patients and along with it the data from the heart beat sensor is transmitted, for each patient separately.