Palaniappan Seedevi

Structural characterization and bioactivities of sulfated polysaccharide from Monostroma oxyspermum.

Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from Monostroma oxyspermum through hot water extraction, anion-exchange and gel permeation column chromatography. The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. The elemental composition was analyzed using CHNS/O analyzer. The molecular weight of sulfated polysaccharide determined through PAGE was found to be as 55 kDa. Monosaccharides analysis revealed that sulfated polysaccharide was composed of rhamnose, fructose, galactose, xylose, and glucose. The structural features of sulfated polysaccharide were analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. Further the sulfated polysaccharide showed total antioxidant and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were as 66.29% at 250 μg/ml and 66.83% at 160 μg/ml respectively. The sulfated polysaccharide also showed ABTS scavenging ability and reducing power were as 83.88% at 125 μg/ml and 15.81% at 400 μg/ml respectively. The anticoagulant activity was determined for human plasma with respect to Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT) was 20.09 IU and 1.79 IU at 25 μg/ml respectively. These results indicated that the sulfated polysaccharide from M. oxyspermum had potent antioxidant and anticoagulant activities.

Bioactive potential and structural chracterization of sulfated polysaccharide from seaweed (Gracilaria corticata)

The Sulfated polysaccharide was purified through anion-exchange and gel permeation column chromatography. The isolated sulfated polysaccharide from C. corticata contains 84% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 19.7% of ash and 29.4% of moisture was found. The carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur content as 33.19%, 5.91%, 7.21% and 3.75%. The molecular weight of sulfated polysaccharide was found to be 43kDa. The sugar was composed of (90.11%), glucose (5.47%), xylose (2.30%) and mannose (2.12%). The structural feature of sulfated polysachharide was studied through FT-IR and 1H NMR spectral analysis. Further the sulfated polysaccharide showed total antioxidant activity of 24.93%-75.21% at 50-250μg/ml, DPPH free radical scavenging activity of 23.12%-73.01% at 10-160μg/ml, ABTS scavenging activity of 15.8%-74.5% at 25-125μg/ml hydroxyl radical scavenging activity 12.87-69.19% at 25-125μg/ml and superoxide radical scavenging activity 28.10-78.11% at 50-250μg/ml respectively. The sulfated polysaccharide has shown good antibacterial activity against human pathogen.

Structural characterization and biomedical properties of sulfated polysaccharide from the gladius of Sepioteuthis lessoniana (Lesson, 1831).

Sulfated polysaccharide was extracted from the internal shell (gladius) of Sepioteuthis lessoniana. The sulfated polysaccharide contained 61.3% of carbohydrate, 0.8% of protein, 28.2% of ash and 1.33% of moisture respectively. The elemental composition was analyzed using CHNS/O analyzer. The molecular weight of sulfated polysaccharide determined through PAGE was found to be as 66 kDa. Monosaccharides analysis revealed that sulfated polysaccharide was composed of rhamnose, galactose, xylose and glucose. The structural features of sulfated polysaccharide were analyzed by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. Further the sulfated polysaccharide was evaluated for its antibacterial activity against selected human clinical pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi, Proteus mirabilis, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Streptococcus pyogenes using agar well diffusion method. The polysaccharide has showed good antibacterial activity and MIC and MBC have also been evaluated. The anticancer activity was tested against HeLa cell line by MTT assay. The Cytotoxic Concentration (CC50) was observed as 700 μg/ml and the maximum anticancer activity of 62.89% was recorded at 200 μg/ml; whereas, the lowest of 9.87% was observed at 25 μg/ml. In conclusion, the sulfated polysaccharide is an alternate, non-toxic and cheap source of substance that showed good antibacterial and anticancer acitivity.

Antioxidant and anticoagulant activity of sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria debilis (Forsskal).

Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from Gracilaria debilis and purified through gel chromatography and their molecular weight was determined through AGE and PAGE. The total sugars in the crude, fractionated and purified polysaccharide were estimated as 52.65%, 59.70% and 67.60%, respectively. The ash and moisture content of crude and purified polysaccharide was found to be 14.2% and 23.5% and the polysaccharide was free from protein contamination. The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified were estimated as 14.08%, 15.33% and 16.01% and 10.12%, 13.56%, 16.70%. The elemental composition including carbon (crude - 23.12%, purified - 21.05%), hydrogen (crude - 3.4%, purified - 4.13%) and nitrogen (crude - 1.22%, purified - 0.56%) were also analyzed. The anticoagulant activity of the sulfated polysaccharide through APTT and PT was estimated at 14.11 and 8.23IU/mg. The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa showed highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) in all the assays tested such as DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the structural property was analyzed through FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectrum. The results together suggest that the isolated low molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide will demonstrate as a enormously available alternative natural source of antioxidant for industrial uses.

Evaluation of antioxidant activities and chemical analysis of sulfated chitosan from Sepia prashadi

The chitin and chitosan of S. prashadi was prepared through demineralization, deproteinzation, deacetylation process and sulfation were carried by chlorosulfonic acid in N,N-dimethylformamide. The sulfate content in chitosan was found to be 18.9%. The carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen composition of the sulfated chitosan were recorded 39.09%, 6.95% and 6.58% respectively. The structural analysis was done by using FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy technique. The DSC curves of sulfated chitosan showed a large endothermic peak resolved with To value of 54.57°C and TP value of 97.46°C. The morphology of sulfated chitin and sulfated chitosan were studied by SEM. The Further in vitro antioxidant activity of sulfated chitosan was screened by scavenging activity of superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, metal-ion chelating effect and reducing power. Its anticoagulant activity was tested for human plasma with respect to Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT). Results prove that sulfated chitosan has potent antioxidant and anticoagulant activity.

Isolation, characterization and molecular weight determination of collagen from marine sponge Spirastrella inconstans (Dendy)

Collagen is a major structural protein of connective tissues. It can be used as a prosthetic biomaterial applicable to artificial skin, tendon ligaments and development collagen implants. In the present study, an attempt was made to isolate and characterize collagen from the marine sponge, Spirastrella inconstans. The total protein content of sponge collagen was relatively high (32%). While determining the molecular weight of crude and purified collagen through sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the crude showed three bands (80, 60 and 59 kDa molecular weight) and purified showed only a single band (58 kDa). The structural properties were analyzed by using fourier transform infra red (FT-IR) spectrum and the stability of collagen was also given the single transition peak in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The microstructure of sponge collagen showed highly porous and interconnected scaffolds in scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis.

Isolation and chemical characteristics of rhamnose enriched polysaccharide from G rateloupia lithophila

The crude polysaccharide was extracted from Grateloupia lithophila through hot-water extraction and deproteinization. Further, fractionated by anion-exchange column using Q-Sepharose and purified by gel-permeation chromatography using Sepharose 4-LB column. The crude and purified polysaccharide contains high carbohydrate (75.7 and 89.7%), ash (18.2 and 3.2%) and moisture (14.8 and 1.3%); the protein and uronic acid were absent. The molecular weight of crude, fractionated and purified polysaccharide was found to be 37 kDa, 29 kDa and 24 kDa. The monosaccharide composition of the crude polysaccharide was found to be having rhamnose (79.82%), fructose (8.38%), galactose (3.95%), xylose (3.31%) and glucose (1.48%); whereas the purified polysaccharide reported higher amount of rhamnose (95.88%), 1.13% of xylose and 2.21% of fructose. The structural elucidation of the purified polysaccharide was conformed as α-l-rhamnose through polarimetry, FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy.

Mucopolysaccharide from cuttlefish: Purification, chemical characterization and bioactive potential

The sulfated mucopolysaccharide (GAG) was isolated from S. pharonis and the carbohydrate and protein content was found to be 62.4% and 3.9%. The disaccharide profile of sulfated GAG composed glucuronic acid, N-acetyl glucosamine and sulfate content by contributing 50.11%, 38.00% and 27.69% respectively. The carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen content of the sulfated GAG showed 14.80%, 1.68% and 2.99% respectively. The molecular weight of sulfated GAG was calculated as 27kDa and the structural characterization was done by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and NMR Spectroscopy. The Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT) of sulfated GAG were determined as 91 IU and 39.55 IU at 25μg/ml respectively. Further the sulfated GAG reported the cytotoxic effect (CC50) of 1100μg/ml concentration on Vero cell line. The sulfated GAG reported the anticancer activity against HeLa cell line with an inhibition rate of 18.65%-66.13% at 50-250μg/ml concentration. The sulfated GAG can be considered as a potent anticoagulant and anticancer drug in future.

Exploration of the preventive effect of S. lessoniana liver oil on cardiac markers, hematological patterns and lysosomal hydrolases in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in wistar rats: a novel report

The purpose of this study was to explore the in vivo cardioprotective potency of liver (digestive gland) oil from S. lessoniana on isoproterenol induced myocardial infracted wistar rats. Rats received IPH for 2 successive days (85 mg kg−1 body weight) at 24 h intervals to induce myocardial infarction at the end of the experiment. S. lessoniana liver oil was served orally at a dose of 0.05 mL per day for 45 days, then the serum and heart tissue were analysed for CK and LDH enzyme activity, then haematological, lipid profile changes was examined in the blood, histopathological examination was carried in heart tissue and the activity of β-D-glucuronidase, β-D-acetylglucosaminidase, acid phosphatase and cathepsin-D in the serum lysosomal heart fraction. The results of the present study suggested that the pre-treated animals with squid liver oil prevented isoproterenol-induced haematological changes and heart weight increases. Lysosomal membrane integrity was well protected in rats pre-treated with squid liver oil, as indicated by significantly lowered activities of lysosomal hydrolases in the serum and associated increase in their activity in the lysosomal fraction of the heart. The histopathological examination further confirmed that the cardioprotective potency of squid liver oil.

Antibiotic Susceptibility and Functional Group Characterization of Pinna nobilis Metabolites Against Clinical Isolates

Abstract The present study was conducted to extraction and evaluation of antimicrobial potential and functional groups characterization of Pinna nobilis extract against clinical isolates such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacilus subtilis, Vibrio Harvey and Aeromonas hydrophilla. The better antimicrobial activity results showed 10 to 12 mm at 750 µg/ml against E. coli, V. harvey and A. hydrophilla. Whereas the S. aureus and B. subtilis showed no antibacterial effect. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was recorded as 500 µg/ml against three tested bacterial strains. But minimal bactericidal effect was noted for V. harvey at 500 µg/ml, E. coli 500 µg/ml and A. hydrophilla respond the bactericidal effect at 700 µg/ml. The presence of biologically active functional groups in crude methanolic extracts showed Alkynes (C-H), phenyl ring (C-H), Carboxylic, ethers, Alcohols (C-O), Nitro (NO2), Amines (C-N), Nitriles (Ca”N) and Hydrogen bonding (O-H) Monomeric alcohols. The present finding concludes that the methanolic extract of P. nobilis has a novel antibiotic principle to developing as a drug in future.