Pamela Munro

Reduplication and Rule Ordering in Luiseno.

Luisefio, a Uto-Aztecan language spoken in Southern California, displays a number of different reduplication processes of varying degrees of productivity. Morphological processes like reduplication should, we believe, be ordered very near the beginning of the phonological component of the grammar. In one group of reduplicated nominals in Luisefio, however, a surface consonant alternation which is otherwise without exceptions fails to occur. Such a phenomenon might be handled in our grammar by a reordering of the reduplication rule involved after the consonant alternation rule. But this late reduplication rule would have to be formulated so as to recapitulate several independently motivated rules known to precede the rule of consonant alternation; this approach seems unjustified as well as counter-intuitive. An alternative would be to mark the reduplicated forms or, perhaps, the reduplication process itself, as exceptions to the consonant alternation rule, a procedure which might be difficult and costly within the present theory of generative

A Phonetic Study of Final Vowel Lengthening in Chickasaw

This paper explores patterns of length in domain‐final vowels in Chickasaw, a Western Muskogean language of south‐central Oklahoma. Vowel duration is correlated with constituent size such that vowels in final position of larger domains are longer than vowels in final position of smaller domains. The correlation between domain size and duration is observed for both phonemic short and long vowels, thereby ensuring that the contrast in length is preserved in all contexts. Final vowel duration is further shown to be blind to metrical structure: all final vowels undergo lengthening regardless of whether or not they occur in strong position of a disyllabic iambic foot. Final lengthening thus preserves the canonical iambic foot template in which stressed syllables are heavy. Word‐medial lengthening and word‐final lengthening are, however, different in nature. Unlike medial vowels, final vowels characteristically end in a breathy phase, where the duration of breathiness is correlated with domain size.

Selected Studies in Uto-Aztecan Phonology

0. Introduction. I present in this article three separate studies of synchronic and historical Uto-Aztecan phonology. In the first, I examine the distribution of s and s in the Northern Uto-Aztecan language (itself a subfamily) Ttibatulabal and consider its consequences both for the synchronic analysis of that language and for typological and historical studies in general. I then compare the resulting description of the historical development of the Ttibatulabal fricatives with some features of the evolution of certain labials in the Southern Uto-Aztecan sub-

Studies in American Indian Languages: Description and Theory

This collection of 31 articles (dedicated to Margaret Langdon) represents the multitude of approaches to Native American languages taken by linguists today. Half of the essays treat Hokan languages, but Uto-Aztecan, Penutian, Muskogean, Iroquoian, Mayan, and other groups are also represented, with pieces on phonology, syntax, the lexicon, and discourse.

Subject Copying, Auxiliarization, and Predicate Raising: The Mojave Evidence

I am very grateful for the helpful comments of Margaret Langdon, Allen Munro, Ronald Langacker, and Michael Silverstein on this and earlier versions of this article. My greatest thanks, of course, go to the people who are teaching me Mojave, especially Nellie Brown and the late Robert S. Martin. (My Mojave fieldwork has been supported by the Departments of Linguistics of the University of California at San Diego and Los Angeles, the Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation, and National Science Foundation grant SOC74-18043.) Most of the data in section 1 of this article was presented at the First Yuman Workshop, San Diego, California, 1975. A version of section 2 was presented at the 1973 annual meeting of the Linguistic Society of America. I also wish to thank Alan Timberlake for his comments on this article.

Quantification in Imbabura Quichua

After presenting some basic genetic, historical and typological information about Quichua, this chapter outlines the quantification patterns it expresses. It illustrates various semantic types of quantifiers, such as generalized existential, generalized universal, proportional, definite and partitive which are defined in “ The Quantifier Questionnaire”. It partitions the expression of the semantic types into morpho-syntactic classes: Adverbial type quantifiers and Determiner type quantifiers. For the various semantic and morpho-syntactic types of quantifiers it also distinguishes syntactically simple and syntactically complex quantifiers, as well as issues of distributivity and scope interaction, classifiers and measure expressions, and existential constructions. The chapter describes structural properties of determiners and quantified noun phrases in Quichua, both in terms of internal structure (morphological or syntactic) and distribution.