Paola Mendes Milanesi

Extratos de alho e alecrim na indução de faseolina em feijoeiro e fungitoxicidade sobre Colletotrichum lindemuthianum

Plant extracts may assist in controlling plants diseases due to its antimicrobial activity and activation of defense mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous extracts of garlic and rosemary, autoclaved or non autoclaved, on the mycelial growth of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, production of phaseollin by beans and severity of anthracnose in the field. The fungus was incubated in medium containing the extracts and its growth measured for 18 days. For phaseollin evaluation the extracts were applied on bean hypocotyls, the phytoalexin extracted in ethanol and read in spectrophotometer. The severity of anthracnose was evaluated in bean plants sprayed with the extracts and inoculated with the fungus. For the garlic extract, the greater reduction (57,6%) in micelial growth was at 3% in the non autoclaved extract, as for the rosemary extract, the greater reduction (18,6%) was in the autoclaved extract. Autoclaving had no effect on the induction of phaseollin. At field conditions, the extracts did not reduce significantly the severity of anthracnose. The non autoclaved garlic extract showed to be more efficient in reducing the mycelial growth of C. lindemuthianum, while rosemary, autoclaved or not, proved to be more effective in the induction of phaseollin.

Presença dos gêneros Trichoderma e Fusarium em solo rizosférico e não rizosférico cultivado com tomateiro e pepineiro, em horta e estufa

For the adequate elaboration of biocontrol programs of soil borne pathogens, it is necessary to understand the distribution of pathogens and antagonists in this environment. This research was aimed at studing the presence of the fungi Trichoderma and Fusarium in rhizosphere and bulk soil, cultivated with tomato and cucumber, in vegetable garden and greenhouse, and to quantify the isolates of Fusarium spp. pathogenic to the crops. For that, in a vegetable garden and a greenhouse, 40 samples of rhizosphere (cucumber and tomato) and 20 of bulk soil were taken,. The soil suspensions were diluted and plated in PDA media and the fungi identified. After that, the test of pathogenicity of the isolates for tomato and cucumber found in the samples, was performed. For tomato and cucumber, in greenhouse, the number of sampling points with the presence of Trichoderma spp. in the rhizosphere (95 e 45%, respectively) was significantly greater than in the bulk soil (10%). In the bulk soil, the presence of Trichoderma spp. and Fusarium spp. differed significantly, being found, respectively, in 10 and 55% of the sampling points. In the pathogenicity test, 5 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum of tomato and 6 of cucumber were pathogenic to the respective crops. In greenhouse, Trichoderma spp. occurs more frequently in the rhizosphere, whereas Fusarium spp. is distributed in the soil and the majority of the Fusarium spp. isolates are neither pathogenic to tomato nor to cucumber.

CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOLÓGICA, MOLECULAR E PATOGENICIDADE DE Fusarium acuminatum E Fusarium verticillioides A Cordia americana

Cordia americana (L.) Gottschling & J. S. Mill. (guajuvira) is a forest species widely distributed in Brazil and represents environmental and economic importance due to the quality of its timber and use in reforestation. In order to evaluate the pathogenicity of Fusarium sp. associated with seeds, characterizing the isolates morphologically and molecularly in order to identify them on the species level, was obtained four fungal isolates that were inoculated in seeds to demonstrate their pathogenicity. The morphological characterization was performed using an identification key for the genus Fusarium and, for the molecular identification, genomic regions Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) were sequenced with its elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF1-α). The results of the molecular identification agreed with the morphological characterization and allowed to identify the species Fusarium acuminatum and Fusarium verticillioides , both being pathogenic to Cordia americana , causing damping-off in pre and post emergence, and rotting of roots and necrosis of hypocotyl.

Formação continuada dos professores das escolas técnicas da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria

This article highlights the importance of the presence of teachers in continuing education courses, aiming to analyze the participation of teachers of Polytechnic and Technical Industrial - Ctism - Colleges of Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM - in continuing education courses. For this, we conducted a quantitative survey and the data collected through a multiple choice questionnaire that was applied to teachers in these institutions. It was concluded that most teachers of Polytechnic and Ctism Colleges of UFSM participate in continuing education courses and institutions to receive this incentive. Still, teachers attend refresher courses in education, even those that are embedded in more technical areas. Key-words: professional development, technological education.

SANIDADE DE SEMENTES E EMERGÊNCIA DE PLÂNTULAS DE NABO FORRAGEIRO, AVEIA PRETA E CENTEIO SUBMETIDAS A TRATAMENTOS COM BIOPROTETOR E FUNGICIDA

The genus Trichoderma is represented by non pathogenic fungithat exercise antagonism to several phytopathogens through the parasitismand/or antibiosis and, have been used as biocontrole agents, growthpromoters and to improve the germination and sanity of seeds. The objectiveof this work was to compare the efficiency of the biological and chemicaltreatment in the sanity of seeds of forrage turnip (Raphanus sativus L.),black oat (Avena strigosa S.), rye (Secale cereale L.) and the emergency ofseedlings of forrage turnip. The evaluation of the sanity was done throughthe method of filter paper, and for evaluation of the emergency and seedlingsdevelopment, using styrofoam trays in the green-house.Were tested: T1 Rhodiauram®SC (500g/Kg of Thiram); T2 - Agrotrich®; T3 Rhodiauram®SC + Agrotrich®; T4 - Rhodiauram® SC (2:00) +Agrotrich® and T5 - Control. The treatments that controlled 100% theincidence of the fungi of the seeds of black oat were T1 and T4; of ryewere the treatments T1, T2, T4; and of forrage turnip the treatments T2and T4. The seeds of black oat and rye did not germinate due to physiologicproblems. For the forrage turnip, significant difference was not verifiedamong the treatments for the emergency test and emergency speed, andthe treatments T2, T3 and T4 presented the largest seedlings heights. Thebiocontrol product Agrotrich® alone or in combination with chemicalcontrol improved the sanity of forrage turnip, black oat, and rye and theheight of forrage turnip seedlings.