Paolo Meneghin

Entre o medo da contaminação pelo HIV e as representações simbólicas da AIDS: o espectro do desespero contemporâneo

Lack of knowledge and mis informations on HIV/AIDS are predictors of emotional responses as fear of contagion, homophobia, avoidance and excessive precautions. Fear of contagion is an affective stress response to the neurocognitive activity that leads to a perceived threat of AIDS in connection with the symbolic meanings os illness. Focused interviews were conducted with an opportunistic sample of 31 young people to know the affective responses and behaviors after blood screening for HIV antibody testing. The findings confirm the relationship of symbolic representation of illness as mystery, death, punishment and sexuality to fear of contagion and mitic conception of AIDS.Lack of knowledge and misinformations on HIV/AIDS are predictors of emotional responses as fear of contagion, homophobia, avoidance and excessive precautions. Fear of contagion is an affective stress response to the neurocognitive activity that leads to a perceived threat of AIDS in connection with the symbolic meanings os illness. Focused interviews were conducted with an opportunistic sample of 31 young people to know the affective responses and behaviors after blood screening for HIV antibody testing. The findings confirm the relationship of symbolic representation of illness as mystery, death, punishment and sexuality to fear of contagion and mitic conception of AIDS.Lack of knowledge and mis informations on HIV/AIDS are predictors of emotional responses as fear of contagion, homophobia, avoidance and excessive precautions. Fear of contagion is an affective stress response to the neurocognitive activity that leads to a perceived threat of AIDS in connection with the symbolic meanings os illness. Focused interviews were conducted with an opportunistic sample of 31 young people to know the affective responses and behaviors after blood screening for HIV antibody testing. The findings confirm the relationship of symbolic representation of illness as mystery, death, punishment and sexuality to fear of contagion and mitic conception of AIDS.

Tradução e adaptação para a língua portuguesa do In-hospital Utstein Style

Cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) is a potentially lethal event in which the quality of the service depends on agility, knowledge and the skills of all of the involved team. The development of the guide identifying the significant points during the procedure of an in-hospital CPA appeared in 1997, with the creation of the In-Hospital Utstein. The purpose of this study was the translation and adaptation of the procedures into the Portuguese language. Outcomes of this process resulted in a pre-test instrument administered on 20 CPA patients. The outcome variables were not collected, because it involved accompanying these patients over a lengthy period of time. The most common CPA rhythm was pulseless electrical activity (65%); the defibrillation average time was 1.25 minutes. Some information was not recorded. In conclusion, the instrument is adaptable to the Brazilian reality, therefore improving care administered during the CPA event.

Métodos pedagógicos que influenciaram o planejamento das ações educativas dos enfermeiros: revisão bibliográfica

This paper looks historically and critically at the pedagogical and conceptual models using by nurses during five cycles of Brazilian History in nursing education. This article examines the patterns of nursing education while this historical time and suggests to include pedagogic models based on problem solving in nursing health practice.Este trabalho busca identificar, em cinco periodos da Historia do Brasil, o uso, pelos enfermeiros, de metodologias pedagogicas nas acoes educativas de saude em enfermagem. Esta revisao procura resgatar a historicidade do processo educativo trilhado pela Enfermagem e propoe a incorporacao, no planejamento das praticas educativas do enfermeiro, do uso de metodologias pedagogicas problematizadoras, concordando com os enfermeiros pesquisadores e assistenciais que defendem aplicacao de acoes educativas que permitam ao aprendiz apropriar-se de conhecimento tecnico aliado a conscientizacao politica de si e do mundo, permitindo-lhe criar e recriar acoes cotidianas.

Controle de vacinação de crianças matriculadas em escolas municipais da cidade de São Paulo

A matricula de alunos, nas Escolas Municipais de Educacao Infantil de Sao Paulo, esta vinculada a apresentacao da caderneta de vacinacao, para incentivar os pais a manterem atualizado o calendario de imunizacoes das criancas. Nao ha, porem, controles periodicos para verificar se as vacinacoes estao atualizadas. Para sanar tal deficiencia, foi elaborado um projeto com objetivo de facilitar o controle da imunizacao infantil, por meio da criacao de um programa de computador, para realizar esse controle, testado em uma Escola Municipal de Educacao Infantil, durante tres meses. Foram cadastrados nesse sistema 286 alunos, dos quais, 236 (82,5%) receberam notificacoes por estar com seu quadro de vacinacao incompleto. Dentre os alunos que receberam as notificacoes, 21,2% atualizaram a vacinacao, 2,5% devolveram suas cadernetas inalteradas e os demais ainda estavam providenciando a atualizacao. O programa foi capaz de identificar falhas, reduzindo as chances da propagacao de doencas transmissiveis no ambiente escolar.The presentation of the vaccination passbook is mandatory for student registration at the city of São Paulos Municipal Schools of Infantile Education, as a form of stimulating parents to keep their childrens immunizations calendar updated. However, attendants do not verify periodically if the vaccinations are correct. In order to overcome this problem, a project with the aim of facilitating the immunization control through a software that controls immunizations was tested at a Municipal School of Infantile Education. Of the 286 pupils registered in the system, 236 (82.5%) were notified that their vaccines were incomplete. Of these, 21.2% updated their vaccinations, 2.5% returned their passbooks unchanged, and the remainders were still in the process of updating. The program identified the imperfections and encouraged immunization, thus helping to prevent the propagation of transmissible diseases in the school environment.

Translation and adaptation of the In-Hospital Utstein Style into the portuguese language

Cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) is a potentially lethal event in which the quality of the service depends on agility, knowledge and the skills of all of the involved team. The development of the guide identifying the significant points during the procedure of an in-hospital CPA appeared in 1997, with the creation of the In-Hospital Utstein. The purpose of this study was the translation and adaptation of the procedures into the Portuguese language. Outcomes of this process resulted in a pre-test instrument administered on 20 CPA patients. The outcome variables were not collected, because it involved accompanying these patients over a lengthy period of time. The most common CPA rhythm was pulseless electrical activity (65%); the defibrillation average time was 1.25 minutes. Some information was not recorded. In conclusion, the instrument is adaptable to the Brazilian reality, therefore improving care administered during the CPA event.

Crenças que influenciam adolescentes na doação de órgãos

This study was aimed at investigating knowledge, behavior and normative beliefs of students concerning transplant and organs donations, based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), in two public schools of the city of São Paulo. The sample was comprised of 94 students who answered a questionnaire, whose answers were submitted to statistical analysis. The results showed that the group had little knowledge about organ donation because 45.8% were not familiar with the concept of encephalic death, 37.2% do not know when death occurs and 70.3% do not know when a person becomes a potential organ donor. Eight positive and five negative beliefs about organ donations were detected. The conclusion is that it is necessary to develop studies and to implement education programs to clarify the population about this topic.Foram objetivos do estudo identificar conhecimento, crencas comportamentais e normativas de estudantes de nivel medio sobre transplante e doacao de orgaos, a luz da Teoria da Acao Racional (TRA), em duas escolas da rede publica do municipio de Sao Paulo. A amostra foi constituida por 94 alunos que responderam um questionario baseado nos pressupostos da TRA e as respostas foram submetidas a analise estatistica. O resultado mostra baixo conhecimento sobre doacao de orgaos, pois 45,8% desconhecem o conceito de morte encefalica; 37,2% nao sabem quando a morte ocorre e 70,3% nao sabem quando uma pessoa se torna potencial doador. Foram evidenciadas dez crencas positivas relativas ao comportamento de ser doador de orgaos. Salientaram-se, tambem, sete crencas negativas sobre doacao de orgaos. Foram evidenciadas oito crencas positivas e cinco crencas negativas relativas a doacao de orgaos. Conclui-se ser necessario desenvolver estudos e implementar programas educativos de esclarecimento sobre o tema.

Adultos com fraturas: das implicações funcionais e cirúrgicas à educação em saúde

Este estudo objetivou identificar as implicacoes funcionais e cirurgicas relativas a pacientes adultos com fraturas, caracterizar o perfil sociodemografico da amostra do estudo, avaliar a independencia funcional das vitimas de fraturas e discutir as implicacoes relacionadas aos procedimentos cirurgicos envolvidos no tratamento a esses pacientes. A pesquisa foi realizada entre novembro de 2006 e abril de 2007 com 74 pacientes internados em um hospital de Sao Paulo. Foram predominantes individuos do sexo masculino (91,9%), media de idade de 31,8 anos, brancos (51,3%), vitimas de acidentes de trabalho (51,4%). As fraturas de membros inferiores representaram 73,0% dos casos e membros superiores 13,5%. Os acidentes automobilisticos foram responsaveis por 58,1% das internacoes. Quanto a Medida de Independencia Funcional (MIF), houve aumento nas medias dos valores no decorrer da avaliacao. Por outro lado, ha diminuicao desses valores em casos de acidentes automobilisticos e atropelamentos e naqueles em que os membros inferiores sao atingidos.

A COLETA DE DADOS EM ENFERMAGEM: RELATO DE UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE ENSINO

After courses of Assessment of Adults questionares were sent to 84 nurses in order to know if their practice of physical examination was modified by them. These nurses worked in differents hospitals and graduated schools. The majority of them related that they improved their knowledge about the matter and modified their practice.

A ENFERMEIRA PSIQUIÁTRICA E A EQUIPE MULTIPROFISSIONAL

Este trabalho e o resultado de uma pesquisa realizada junto a varios elementos da equipe psiquiatrica com enfoque multiprofissional. Os autores so acreditam que o trabalho em equipe multiprofissional sera efetivo se cada um de seus membros estiver seguro de seu papel e das respectivas funcoes que o compoem. Foram utilizadas, como parâmetro, as funcoes do enfermeiro psiquiatrico elaboradas com base na revisao de literatura sobre o papel do enfermeiro.

Fractures in adults: from functional and surgical implications to health education

Este estudo objetivou identificar as implicacoes funcionais e cirurgicas relativas a pacientes adultos com fraturas, caracterizar o perfil sociodemografico da amostra do estudo, avaliar a independencia funcional das vitimas de fraturas e discutir as implicacoes relacionadas aos procedimentos cirurgicos envolvidos no tratamento a esses pacientes. A pesquisa foi realizada entre novembro de 2006 e abril de 2007 com 74 pacientes internados em um hospital de Sao Paulo. Foram predominantes individuos do sexo masculino (91,9%), media de idade de 31,8 anos, brancos (51,3%), vitimas de acidentes de trabalho (51,4%). As fraturas de membros inferiores representaram 73,0% dos casos e membros superiores 13,5%. Os acidentes automobilisticos foram responsaveis por 58,1% das internacoes. Quanto a Medida de Independencia Funcional (MIF), houve aumento nas medias dos valores no decorrer da avaliacao. Por outro lado, ha diminuicao desses valores em casos de acidentes automobilisticos e atropelamentos e naqueles em que os membros inferiores sao atingidos.