Patricia Andrade Palos

Escala de resistencia a la presión de los amigos para el consumo de alcohol

In Mexico alcohol consumption has increased mainly in adolescents. It has been identified that the ability to resist peer pressure can be a factor that protects the young from alcohol, tobacco and drugs, although this does not have an instrument to assess the skill specifically for alcohol. The aim of this work was to design and validate a scale that assesses the ability to resist peer pressure specifically for alcohol in public high schools and college students from Mexico City, and assessed whether there were significant differences in the resistance level by gender and level of alcohol consumption. The sample was not random and consisted of 900 public high schools (38.6%) and college (61.4%) students of Mexico City (42.9% men and 57.1% women) with a average age was 15.6 years (sd = 2.5). Exploratory factor analysis yielded a single factor of six items with good level of reliability, afterwards was a confirmatory factor analysis in which the fit indices performed well and kept the six items. Women showed greater resistance to peer pressure than men and it was found that young people who have a deficit in the ability to resist peer pressure have higher levels of alcohol consumption so it is important to strengthen that skill in prevention programs.

Escala de Bienestar Psicológico para Adolescentes

espanolEl proposito de este trabajo fue disenar y validar una escala para evaluar la percepcion de Bienestar Psicologico (BP) en adolescentes mexicanos. La fase I fue exploratoria, se realizaron dos estudios, uno para identificar el significado que los adolescentes le dieron al BP, y otro para disenar y validar la escala. La fase II permitio confirmar las caracteristicas psicometricas. En el primero participaron 30 adolescentes de 15 a 20 anos; y en el segundo 665, de 14 a 20 anos (M=16.7; DE=1.36). En la fase II participaron 1064 estudiantes de 15 a 20 anos (M=16.10; DE=.941). Los resultados agruparon 29 reactivos en siete factores (α=.76), que explicaron el 60.51% de la varianza total: crecimiento personal (α=.79), relaciones positivas con otros (α=.81), proposito de vida (α=.80), auto-aceptacion (α=.74), planes a futuro (α=.77), rechazo personal (α=.77) y control personal (α=.83). EnglishThe purpose was to design and validate a scale to assess the perception of Psychological Well -Being (PWB) in Mexican adolescents. Phase I was exploratory and was composed of two studies, one to identify the meaning given by adolescents to PWB, and the other to design and validate it. Psychometric characteristics were confirmed in Phase II. The first study involved 30 teenagers, the second 665, from 14 to 20 years (M=16.7; SD=1.36). In Phase II 1064 students between 15 and 20 years participated (M=16.10; SD=. 941). Results grouped 29 items in seven factors (α=.76), which explained the 60.51% of total variance: personal growth (α=.79), positive relationships with others (α=.81), purpose of life (α=.80), self-acceptance (α=.74), plans for the future (α=.77), personal rejection (α =.77) and personal control (α=.83).

AUTO-ACEPTACIÓN COMO FACTOR DE RIESGO PARA EL INTENTO DE SUICIDIO EN ADOLESCENTES

El proposito fue evaluar si la auto-aceptacion es un factor de riesgo del intento de suicidio en adolescentes. Participaron 665 estudiantes de 14 a 20 anos (M = 16.7; DE= 1.36); 79 jovenes (12%) reportaron intento de suicido, 24 fueron varones (M= 16.6 anos; DE= 1.21) y 55 mujeres (M= 16.7 anos; DE= 1.44). Se trabajo con dos muestras equivalentes, una con jovenes que reportaron intento suicida (n= 79) y otra sin intento de suicidio (n= 69). Instrumentos: Escala de Auto-aceptacion, con cinco dimensiones (rechazo-personal, insatisfaccion personal, rechazo-caracter, auto-aceptacion de aspectos positivos y auto-aceptacion de aspectos negativos) y cinco preguntas sobre intento de suicidio. Los resultados mostraron que los predictores de auto-aceptacion para el intento suicida fueron diferentes dependiendo del sexo de los adolescentes, la regresion logistica sugiere que en los hombres la aceptacion de sus aspectos negativos es un factor protector, pero en el caso de las mujeres, las que reportaron rechazo a su persona tienen un mayor riesgo de repetir el intento suicida. The purpose of this study was to evaluate self-acceptance in adolescents as a risk factor in attempted suicide. From one sample of 665 students between 14 and 20 years old (M = 16.7; SD = 1.36), only 79 adolescents (12%) reported attempted suicide, of whom 24 were men (M = 16.6) and 55 women (M = 16.7; SD = 1.44). The study included two sample groups, one a group of young people who had reported suicide attempts (n = 79), the other group was composed of people who had not reported suicide attempts (n = 69). A self-acceptance questionnaire which evaluated five dimensions (personal rejection, personal dissatisfaction, character dissatisfaction, self-acceptance of positive aspects and self-acceptance of negative aspects) was administered, and subjects were asked five questions about suicide attempts. The results showed that self-acceptance predictors of suicide attempts were different between the sexes: logistic regression suggests that self- acceptance of negative aspects is a protective factor for men; women who reported personal-rejection have an increased risk of repeating suicide attempts.