Rebeca Robles García

La terapia cognitivo conductual y los síntomas negativos en la esquizofrenia

Introduction. Schizophrenia is a health and social problem of great dimensions, affecting not only the patient but their family and social environment. Within the psychotherapeutic approaches for patients with schizophrenia, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has most evidence of effectiveness for different porpoises and stages of the disorder. Objective. Analyze the specific techniques and outcome on negative symptoms of the major CBT for patients with schizophrenia: Psychoeducation, Social Skills Training, Cognitive Remediation, CBT for positive symptoms and Cognitive Behavioral Recovery Oriented Therapy (CBT-R). Method. A searching and analysis of scientific literature published in English and Spanish between 1990 and 2014 were performed in PSYCLIT, MEDLINE, EBSCO-HOST and PROQUEST, employing as key words the names of the different CBT for schizophrenia and the diagnosis. Relevant literature included in review articles was also included. Results. Despite the advances of CBT, the problems generated by negative symptoms of patients with schizophrenia are not completely solved. Discussion and conclusion. CBT-R is considered a promising therapeutic style to achieve the objectives of recovery in patients with low psychosocial functioning and predominance of negative symptomatology.

Competencia y compartimiento emocional en usuarios de cocaína: Psicometría y relación con variables sociodemográficas y clínicas

Introduction. Current evidence suggests a relationship between emotional factors and drugs consumption, although at least both emotional competence and social magazine of emotions have not been studied in cocaine users, in part due to the recent generation of tools for their measure. Objective. To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), Emotional Competence Questionnaire (ECQ), and the Questionnaire about Beliefs in the effects of the Social Magazine of Emotions (QSME) in Mexican cocaine users, and to establish its relationship with socio-demographic and clinical variables. Method. All instruments, as well as the Positive Affectivity (PA) and Negative Affectivity (NA) Scales, were completed twice by 158 cocaine users. Results. All scales showed alpha coefficients greater than .70. The TAS and ECQ presented high temporal stability. NA was positively associated with TAS, and negatively with ESQ. PA showed a negative correlation with TAS, and a positive relation with ECQ and QSME. 50.9% of the patients had a relevant difficulty in identifying and expressing their emotions, which was negatively correlated with schooling. Discussion and conclusion. A systematic evaluation and treatment of difficulties in the expression of emotions in cocaine users seems to be necessary. The Spanish versions of the scales are valid and reliable for their use with clinical and research purposes in Mexican cocaine users.