Patricia Helena Santoro

Seleção de isolados de Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom.) Samson para controle de Meloidogyne paranaensis em tomateiro

Paecilomyces lilacinus is a fungal species used in biological control of nematodes. It is considered one of the most frequently evaluated fungus under field conditions. The present study aimed to select P. lilacinus isolates with regard to their capacity in controlling Meloidogyne paranaensis in tomato. Santa Clara tomato plants were grown in pots and inoculated with M. paranaensis under greenhouse conditions. The tomato plants were replaced 45 days after inoculation with 50 grams of autoclaved rice colonized with P. lilacinus. Forty-five days after fungus inoculation the number of galls, egg masses, number of eggs in root system, aerial part mass weight, root mass weight and P. lilacinus survival in the soil were evaluated. All treatments involving P. lilacinus incorporation reduced the population of M. paranaensis in tomato roots. UEL pae 05, 08, 09, 13, 20, 21, 38, 41, 44, 54, ESALQ 831 e 832 were the best in the control of M. paranaensis, affecting reproduction of the nematodes and showing a high survival rate in the soil.

Carcinops troglodytes (Erichson) (Coleoptera: Histeridae) predando larvas de Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) em aviários

We first record Carcinops troglodytes (Paykull) as a predator of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) larvae in poultry houses in North and Northwest regions of the state of Parana. Carcinops spp. are commonly recorded as predators of dipterans, and this record in poultry houses indicates the possibility of exploiting such predator for future studies aiming the development of management strategies for A. diaperinus.

Associação de pós inertes com fungo entomopatogênico para o controle do cascudinho (Alphitobius diaperinus)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Beauveria bassiana (Bb) of diatomaceous earth (TD) and the dust of rock Protesyl and Rocksil, alone or in combinations, for Alphitobius diaperinus to control. The control agents were applied in dried by mixing with the poultry liter. The concentration of Bb conidia was 0.08% on the weight of the substrate, and for the dust inert were 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%. Twenty treatments with five repetitions of 200 insects were tested for 10 days. The treatments with highest efficiency were TD 1.5% and Bb 0.08% + TD 1.5%, with 60.2 and 57.8%, respectively. Protesyl and Rocksil in the three concentrations and TD 0.5% did not differ from control. For the interaction between control agents no advantage was observed for the association. Additive effect occurred for Bb + TD and Bb + Rocksil at the three concentrations and for Bb + Protesyl at 1.5%. The action of the fungus was reduced in association with Protesyl with antagonistic non-additive effect in 0.5 and 1.0%. Diatomaceous earth, isolated our in association with B. bassiana its a good alternative for A. diaperinus control. Just rock dust Protesyl and Rochsil were not efficient for insect control.

In vitro sensitivity of antagonistic Trichoderma atroviride to herbicides

Trichoderma atroviride was tested in vitro for its sensitivity to different herbicides. The dosages tested were recommended dosage (RD), half dosage (½RD), and double dosage (2RD). Germination, colony-forming units (CFU), radial growth, and spore production were evaluated. Carfentrazone-ethyl and sulfentrazone inhibited the germination at RD and 2RD. A reduction in the CFU was observed for glufosinate-ammonium, atrazine, carfentrazone-ethyl, diuron + paraquat dichloride, imazapyr, oxyfluorfen, and sulfentrazone at each of the tested dosages. Radial growth was influenced by ametryn, atrazine, carfentrazone-ethyl, oxyfluorfen, and sulfentrazone herbicides, with an 80% reduction of the colonial area. Spore production was affected by carfentrazone-ethyl, oxyfluorfen, and sulfentrazone with colonial area reductions of over 70%. It was concluded that 2,4 D, clomazone, and imazapyr herbicides showed the least toxicity to T. atroviride and should be used in the crops where the fungus has been applied for phytopathogen control.

Controle associado de Alphitobius diaperinuse efeito de microrganismos eficazes no desenvolvimento de Beauveria bassiana

The objective of this work was to evaluate Beauveria bassiana (Bb), diatomaceous earth (TD) and effective microorganisms (EM-4), associated or not, to Alphitobius diaperinus control, and the EM-4 effect on B. bassiana development. The control agents (Bb, TD and EM-4), in different concentrations and combinations, were applied in a mixture of litter and chicken food, where insects had been left per ten days. Conidia germination, colony-forming units (CFU), vegetative growth and the productivity of Bb conidia were evaluated when in contact with a filtered and non filtered watery EM-4 suspension (1%). The highest indices of mortality were observed in the treatments TD + Bb + EM and TD + Bb in the highest concentrations. A synergic non additive effect was observed for TD + Bb in the three concentrations. In filtered EM-4 tests, no difference was observed related to the control of germination and CFU, however, vegetative growth and conidia productivity were negatively affected. The joint use of B. bassiana and diatomaceous earth for A. diaperinus populations management can minimize the use of chemical products.

Knowledge about the safe use of pesticides by farmers from Central Northern Paraná State

Pesticides are considered an important risk factor for human health and have been the subject of several studies, both for its toxicity and environmental degradation. This study aimed to diagnose the knowledge level of farmers from the Central Northern Parana State on the safe pesticides use. For this we used a questionnaire that addressed issues related to intoxication, use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and knowledge about inserts and labels. We interviewed 100 farmers affiliated to cooperatives in the region. After analyzing the responses, we observed that most farmers did an incomplete use of PPE in their daily activities, or did not use it, as it was found in all cases of poisoning. The terms used in the pesticides inserts and labels are not properly understood by farmers, contributing to increased problems in the safe handling of these products. The study concludes that it is necessary to have a process of training and guidance from regulators and the companies involved, as inputs companies, cooperatives and technical assistance agencies aiming more judicious use of the products and decreasing the risks to health of rural populations and environment.

Water sorption isotherms of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. Conidia

Um dos requisitos para o sucesso na producao comercial de agentes de controle biologico e manter sua viabilidade por longos periodos, em condicoes nao controladas, aumentando a vida de prateleira. A atividade de agua (Aw) e um parâmetro importante no estudo da estabilidade no armazenamento de produtos desidratados, mas sua determinacao direta exige equipamentos nem sempre disponiveis. As isotermas de sorcao de agua correlacionam Aw com a umidade de um produto; a isoterma de adsorcao e importante para definir o sistema de embalagem e a de dessorcao o processo de secagem. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as isotermas de sorcao de conidios de Beauveria bassiana e ajusta-las utilizando um modelo matematico. A adsorcao e a dessorcao foram determinadas por tecnica gravimetrica a 25oC e os dados ajustados pelo modelo de BET. Na dessorcao, inicialmente os conidios apresentaram alto conteudo de umidade (98% em base seca) e Aw (0,93); de 98% a 50% foi observada uma baixa reducao na Aw, pois a agua estava na forma livre. Quando a umidade estava em torno de 505, uma pequena reducao na umidade resultou em grande depressao na Aw, pois a agua estava na forma ligada. A curva de adsorcao mostrou que quando a umidade variou de 9% a 50% um pequeno aumento na umidade dos conidios resultou num grande acrescimo na Aw. O modelo de BET representou adequadamente as isotermas de sorcao dos conidios de B. bassiana, sendo util no estudo do armazenamento do patogeno.