Patrícia Marques Fortes

Avaliação dos fatores de risco e proteção associados à elevação da pressão arterial em crianças

BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have shown an increased prevalence of high blood pressure in pediatric patients. Today we know that risk factors can be detected during childhood and may help in preventing the disease. OBJECTIVE To evaluate risk and protection factors related to high blood pressure in childhood. METHODS We evaluated children aged 3 to 10 years, residing in the east and southwest sanitary districts of the City of Goiânia, Goiás, and obtained the following data: birth weight, breastfeeding, family history of high blood pressure and obesity, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure. We applied the Mann-Whitney U-test to these variables in order to compare pressure variation. RESULTS In this sample, 519 children were evaluated, and 246 (47.4%) of them were male. The BMI assessment identified 109 (21%) overweight children, of which 53 (10.3%) were obese. Predominant and/or exclusive breastfeeding for less than 6 months was found in 242 (51.2%). The mean systolic pressure was significantly higher in children with exclusive and/or predominant breastfeeding for less than 6 months (p = 0.04), and in children with family history of high blood pressure (p = 0.05), and in overweight children (p <0.0001). These data were confirmed in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION In this sample, we observed that overweight and hereditary factors may be associated with elevated blood pressure, and that breastfeeding for more than 6 months seems to offer a protective effect.Correspondencia: Alessandra Vitorino Naghettini • Rua t-36, 477/201 Setor Bueno 74223-050 Goiânia, GO Brasil E-mail: naghetti@terra.com.br Artículo recibido el 13/10/08; revisado recibido el 26/05/09; aceptado el 14/08/09. Resumen Fundamento: Estudios epidemiológicos vienen expresando un aumento de la prevalencia de la hipertensión arterial en el grupo de edad pediátrico. Se sabe hoy que los factores de riesgo pudieran haber sido detectados en la niñez, lo que ayudaría en la prevención de la enfermedad.FUNDAMENTO: Estudos epidemiologicos tem mostrado um aumento da prevalencia da hipertensao arterial na faixa etaria pediatrica. Hoje se sabe que os fatores de risco poderiam ter sido detectados na infância, o que auxiliaria na prevencao da doenca. OBJETIVO: Avaliar fatores de risco e de protecao relacionados a elevacao da pressao arterial na infância. METODOS: Foram avaliadas criancas de 3 a 10 anos moradoras dos distritos sanitarios leste e sudoeste de Goiânia, Goias. Obtiveram-se os seguintes dados: peso ao nascer, aleitamento materno, historia familiar de hipertensao e obesidade, peso, estatura, indice de massa corporal (IMC) e pressao arterial. Utilizaram-se os testes de U de Mann-Whitney para comparar a variacao da pressao arterial quanto as variaveis descritas. RESULTADOS: Na amostra estudada, 519 criancas foram avaliadas, 246 (47,4%) do sexo masculino. Avaliacao do IMC identificou 109 (21%) com excesso de peso, das quais 53 (10,3%) eram obesas. O aleitamento materno predominante e/ou exclusivo por tempo inferior a 6 meses foi encontrado em 242 (51,2%). As medias da pressao sistolica se encontraram significativamente mais elevadas naquelas criancas com aleitamento materno exclusivo e/ou predominante por tempo inferior a 6 meses (p = 0,04), historia familiar positiva para hipertensao (p = 0,05) e excesso de peso (p < 0,0001). Esses dados foram confirmados na analise multivariada. CONCLUSAO: Na amostra estudada, excesso de peso e fatores hereditarios podem estar associados a elevacao da pressao arterial, e o tempo em aleitamento materno superior a 6 meses parece conferir um efeito protetor.

Evaluation of risk and protection factors associated with high blood pressure in children

BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have shown an increased prevalence of high blood pressure in pediatric patients. Today we know that risk factors can be detected during childhood and may help in preventing the disease. OBJECTIVE To evaluate risk and protection factors related to high blood pressure in childhood. METHODS We evaluated children aged 3 to 10 years, residing in the east and southwest sanitary districts of the City of Goiânia, Goiás, and obtained the following data: birth weight, breastfeeding, family history of high blood pressure and obesity, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure. We applied the Mann-Whitney U-test to these variables in order to compare pressure variation. RESULTS In this sample, 519 children were evaluated, and 246 (47.4%) of them were male. The BMI assessment identified 109 (21%) overweight children, of which 53 (10.3%) were obese. Predominant and/or exclusive breastfeeding for less than 6 months was found in 242 (51.2%). The mean systolic pressure was significantly higher in children with exclusive and/or predominant breastfeeding for less than 6 months (p = 0.04), and in children with family history of high blood pressure (p = 0.05), and in overweight children (p <0.0001). These data were confirmed in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION In this sample, we observed that overweight and hereditary factors may be associated with elevated blood pressure, and that breastfeeding for more than 6 months seems to offer a protective effect.Correspondencia: Alessandra Vitorino Naghettini • Rua t-36, 477/201 Setor Bueno 74223-050 Goiânia, GO Brasil E-mail: naghetti@terra.com.br Artículo recibido el 13/10/08; revisado recibido el 26/05/09; aceptado el 14/08/09. Resumen Fundamento: Estudios epidemiológicos vienen expresando un aumento de la prevalencia de la hipertensión arterial en el grupo de edad pediátrico. Se sabe hoy que los factores de riesgo pudieran haber sido detectados en la niñez, lo que ayudaría en la prevención de la enfermedad.FUNDAMENTO: Estudos epidemiologicos tem mostrado um aumento da prevalencia da hipertensao arterial na faixa etaria pediatrica. Hoje se sabe que os fatores de risco poderiam ter sido detectados na infância, o que auxiliaria na prevencao da doenca. OBJETIVO: Avaliar fatores de risco e de protecao relacionados a elevacao da pressao arterial na infância. METODOS: Foram avaliadas criancas de 3 a 10 anos moradoras dos distritos sanitarios leste e sudoeste de Goiânia, Goias. Obtiveram-se os seguintes dados: peso ao nascer, aleitamento materno, historia familiar de hipertensao e obesidade, peso, estatura, indice de massa corporal (IMC) e pressao arterial. Utilizaram-se os testes de U de Mann-Whitney para comparar a variacao da pressao arterial quanto as variaveis descritas. RESULTADOS: Na amostra estudada, 519 criancas foram avaliadas, 246 (47,4%) do sexo masculino. Avaliacao do IMC identificou 109 (21%) com excesso de peso, das quais 53 (10,3%) eram obesas. O aleitamento materno predominante e/ou exclusivo por tempo inferior a 6 meses foi encontrado em 242 (51,2%). As medias da pressao sistolica se encontraram significativamente mais elevadas naquelas criancas com aleitamento materno exclusivo e/ou predominante por tempo inferior a 6 meses (p = 0,04), historia familiar positiva para hipertensao (p = 0,05) e excesso de peso (p < 0,0001). Esses dados foram confirmados na analise multivariada. CONCLUSAO: Na amostra estudada, excesso de peso e fatores hereditarios podem estar associados a elevacao da pressao arterial, e o tempo em aleitamento materno superior a 6 meses parece conferir um efeito protetor.

Racemose neurocysticercosis: a cluster of bad grapes

Figure 1. Magnetic resonance image of the brain showing multiple cysts of neurocysticercosis (racemose form). (A) FLAIR axial scan exhibiting hydrocephalus and multiple cystic lesions (area depicted by thin arrows). (B) T2-weighted axial scan exhibiting multiple extra-axial cystic lesions in the frontal base (area depicted by thin arrows) and cerebellopontine angle cistern (thick arrows)

Evaluación de los factores de riesgo y protección asociados a la elevación de la presión arterial en niños

BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have shown an increased prevalence of high blood pressure in pediatric patients. Today we know that risk factors can be detected during childhood and may help in preventing the disease. OBJECTIVE To evaluate risk and protection factors related to high blood pressure in childhood. METHODS We evaluated children aged 3 to 10 years, residing in the east and southwest sanitary districts of the City of Goiânia, Goiás, and obtained the following data: birth weight, breastfeeding, family history of high blood pressure and obesity, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure. We applied the Mann-Whitney U-test to these variables in order to compare pressure variation. RESULTS In this sample, 519 children were evaluated, and 246 (47.4%) of them were male. The BMI assessment identified 109 (21%) overweight children, of which 53 (10.3%) were obese. Predominant and/or exclusive breastfeeding for less than 6 months was found in 242 (51.2%). The mean systolic pressure was significantly higher in children with exclusive and/or predominant breastfeeding for less than 6 months (p = 0.04), and in children with family history of high blood pressure (p = 0.05), and in overweight children (p <0.0001). These data were confirmed in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION In this sample, we observed that overweight and hereditary factors may be associated with elevated blood pressure, and that breastfeeding for more than 6 months seems to offer a protective effect.Correspondencia: Alessandra Vitorino Naghettini • Rua t-36, 477/201 Setor Bueno 74223-050 Goiânia, GO Brasil E-mail: naghetti@terra.com.br Artículo recibido el 13/10/08; revisado recibido el 26/05/09; aceptado el 14/08/09. Resumen Fundamento: Estudios epidemiológicos vienen expresando un aumento de la prevalencia de la hipertensión arterial en el grupo de edad pediátrico. Se sabe hoy que los factores de riesgo pudieran haber sido detectados en la niñez, lo que ayudaría en la prevención de la enfermedad.FUNDAMENTO: Estudos epidemiologicos tem mostrado um aumento da prevalencia da hipertensao arterial na faixa etaria pediatrica. Hoje se sabe que os fatores de risco poderiam ter sido detectados na infância, o que auxiliaria na prevencao da doenca. OBJETIVO: Avaliar fatores de risco e de protecao relacionados a elevacao da pressao arterial na infância. METODOS: Foram avaliadas criancas de 3 a 10 anos moradoras dos distritos sanitarios leste e sudoeste de Goiânia, Goias. Obtiveram-se os seguintes dados: peso ao nascer, aleitamento materno, historia familiar de hipertensao e obesidade, peso, estatura, indice de massa corporal (IMC) e pressao arterial. Utilizaram-se os testes de U de Mann-Whitney para comparar a variacao da pressao arterial quanto as variaveis descritas. RESULTADOS: Na amostra estudada, 519 criancas foram avaliadas, 246 (47,4%) do sexo masculino. Avaliacao do IMC identificou 109 (21%) com excesso de peso, das quais 53 (10,3%) eram obesas. O aleitamento materno predominante e/ou exclusivo por tempo inferior a 6 meses foi encontrado em 242 (51,2%). As medias da pressao sistolica se encontraram significativamente mais elevadas naquelas criancas com aleitamento materno exclusivo e/ou predominante por tempo inferior a 6 meses (p = 0,04), historia familiar positiva para hipertensao (p = 0,05) e excesso de peso (p < 0,0001). Esses dados foram confirmados na analise multivariada. CONCLUSAO: Na amostra estudada, excesso de peso e fatores hereditarios podem estar associados a elevacao da pressao arterial, e o tempo em aleitamento materno superior a 6 meses parece conferir um efeito protetor.

Anatomia dos ramos do nervo lingual em suíno

The distribution and ramifications of the lingual nerve of 18 tongues of adult pigs from both genders with no strain specification were studied. The material freshly collected in slaughter routine was cooled (4°C) for transportation, fixed in formaldehyde aqueous solution (7%, 72h), immerse in nitric acid aqueous solution (15%, 72h) and dissected with magnifying glass (RASOR, II-20). Each dissected antimere enabled the recording of primary, secondary and tertiary lingual nervous branches present inside the myofascial structure of the organ, exhibiting different arrangements: left antimere: 4 to 10 primary branches, 4 to 12 secondary antimeres and 0 to 11 tertiary branches; right antimere: 3 to 8 primary branches, 0 to 11 secondary antimeres and 0 to 10 tertiary branches. In 27.6% of analyses, the lingual branches established associations with the fibers of the hypoglossal nerve in the corresponding antimere.