Network


Latest external collaboration on country level. Dive into details by clicking on the dots.

Hotspot


Dive into the research topics where Patrick Wright is active.

Publication


Featured researches published by Patrick Wright.


The New England Journal of Medicine | 1997

The effects of ibuprofen on the physiology and survival of patients with sepsis

Gordon R. Bernard; Arthur P. Wheeler; James A. Russell; Roland M. H. Schein; Warren R. Summer; Kenneth P. Steinberg; William J. Fulkerson; Patrick Wright; Brian W. Christman; William D. Dupont; Stanley B. Higgins; Bridget B. Swindell

BACKGROUND In patients with sepsis the production of arachidonic acid metabolites by cyclooxygenase increases, but the pathophysiologic role of these prostaglandins is unclear. In animal models, inhibition of cyclooxygenase by treatment with ibuprofen before the onset of sepsis reduces physiologic abnormalities and improves survival. In pilot studies of patients with sepsis, treatment with ibuprofen led to improvements in gas exchange and airway mechanics. METHODS From October 1989 to March 1995, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous ibuprofen (10 mg per kilogram of body weight [maximal dose, 800 mg], given every six hours for eight doses) in 455 patients who had sepsis, defined as fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, and acute failure of at least one organ system. RESULTS In the ibuprofen group, but not the placebo group, there were significant declines in urinary levels of prostacyclin and thromboxane, temperature, heart rate, oxygen consumption, and lactic acidosis. With ibuprofen therapy there was no increased incidence of renal dysfunction, gastrointestinal bleeding, or other adverse events. However, treatment with ibuprofen did not reduce the incidence or duration of shock or the acute respiratory distress syndrome and did not significantly improve the rate of survival at 30 days (mortality, 37 percent with ibuprofen vs 40 percent with placebo). CONCLUSIONS In patients with sepsis, treatment with ibuprofen reduces levels of prostacyclin and thromboxane and decreases fever, tachycardia, oxygen consumption, and lactic acidosis, but it does not prevent the development of shock or the acute respiratory distress syndrome and does not improve survival.


The New England Journal of Medicine | 2012

Colorectal-Cancer Incidence and Mortality with Screening Flexible Sigmoidoscopy

Robert E. Schoen; Paul F. Pinsky; Joel L. Weissfeld; Lance A. Yokochi; Timothy R. Church; Adeyinka O. Laiyemo; Robert S. Bresalier; Gerald L. Andriole; Saundra S. Buys; E. David Crawford; Mona N. Fouad; Claudine Isaacs; Christine Cole Johnson; Douglas J. Reding; Barbara O'Brien; Danielle M. Carrick; Patrick Wright; Thomas L. Riley; Mark P. Purdue; Grant Izmirlian; Barnett S. Kramer; Anthony B. Miller; John K. Gohagan; Philip C. Prorok; Christine D. Berg

BACKGROUND The benefits of endoscopic testing for colorectal-cancer screening are uncertain. We evaluated the effect of screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy on colorectal-cancer incidence and mortality. METHODS From 1993 through 2001, we randomly assigned 154,900 men and women 55 to 74 years of age either to screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy, with a repeat screening at 3 or 5 years, or to usual care. Cases of colorectal cancer and deaths from the disease were ascertained. RESULTS Of the 77,445 participants randomly assigned to screening (intervention group), 83.5% underwent baseline flexible sigmoidoscopy and 54.0% were screened at 3 or 5 years. The incidence of colorectal cancer after a median follow-up of 11.9 years was 11.9 cases per 10,000 person-years in the intervention group (1012 cases), as compared with 15.2 cases per 10,000 person-years in the usual-care group (1287 cases), which represents a 21% reduction (relative risk, 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72 to 0.85; P<0.001). Significant reductions were observed in the incidence of both distal colorectal cancer (479 cases in the intervention group vs. 669 cases in the usual-care group; relative risk, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.80; P<0.001) and proximal colorectal cancer (512 cases vs. 595 cases; relative risk, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.97; P=0.01). There were 2.9 deaths from colorectal cancer per 10,000 person-years in the intervention group (252 deaths), as compared with 3.9 per 10,000 person-years in the usual-care group (341 deaths), which represents a 26% reduction (relative risk, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.87; P<0.001). Mortality from distal colorectal cancer was reduced by 50% (87 deaths in the intervention group vs. 175 in the usual-care group; relative risk, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.64; P<0.001); mortality from proximal colorectal cancer was unaffected (143 and 147 deaths, respectively; relative risk, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.77 to 1.22; P=0.81). CONCLUSIONS Screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy was associated with a significant decrease in colorectal-cancer incidence (in both the distal and proximal colon) and mortality (distal colon only). (Funded by the National Cancer Institute; PLCO ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00002540.).


JAMA | 2011

Screening by chest radiograph and lung cancer mortality: The Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) randomized trial

Martin M. Oken; Willam G. Hocking; Paul A. Kvale; Gerald L. Andriole; Saundra S. Buys; Timothy R. Church; E. David Crawford; Mona N. Fouad; Claudine Isaacs; Douglas J. Reding; Joel L. Weissfeld; Lance A. Yokochi; Barbara O’Brien; Lawrence R. Ragard; Joshua M. Rathmell; Thomas L. Riley; Patrick Wright; Neil Caparaso; Ping Hu; Grant Izmirlian; Paul F. Pinsky; Philip C. Prorok; Barnett S. Kramer; Anthony B. Miller; John K. Gohagan; Christine D. Berg

CONTEXT The effect on mortality of screening for lung cancer with modern chest radiographs is unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect on mortality of screening for lung cancer using radiographs in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Randomized controlled trial that involved 154,901 participants aged 55 through 74 years, 77,445 of whom were assigned to annual screenings and 77,456 to usual care at 1 of 10 screening centers across the United States between November 1993 and July 2001. The data from a subset of eligible participants for the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), which compared chest radiograph with spiral computed tomographic (CT) screening, were analyzed. INTERVENTION Participants in the intervention group were offered annual posteroanterior view chest radiograph for 4 years. Diagnostic follow-up of positive screening results was determined by participants and their health care practitioners. Participants in the usual care group were offered no interventions and received their usual medical care. All diagnosed cancers, deaths, and causes of death were ascertained through the earlier of 13 years of follow-up or until December 31, 2009. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mortality from lung cancer. Secondary outcomes included lung cancer incidence, complications associated with diagnostic procedures, and all-cause mortality. RESULTS Screening adherence was 86.6% at baseline and 79% to 84% at years 1 through 3; the rate of screening use in the usual care group was 11%. Cumulative lung cancer incidence rates through 13 years of follow-up were 20.1 per 10,000 person-years in the intervention group and 19.2 per 10,000 person-years in the usual care group (rate ratio [RR]; 1.05, 95% CI, 0.98-1.12). A total of 1213 lung cancer deaths were observed in the intervention group compared with 1230 in usual care group through 13 years (mortality RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.87-1.22). Stage and histology were similar between the 2 groups. The RR of mortality for the subset of participants eligible for the NLST, over the same 6-year follow-up period, was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.81-1.10). CONCLUSION Annual screening with chest radiograph did not reduce lung cancer mortality compared with usual care. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00002540.


Critical Care Medicine | 2010

Feasibility, efficacy, and safety of antipsychotics for intensive care unit delirium: The MIND randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Timothy D. Girard; Pratik P. Pandharipande; Shannon S. Carson; Gregory A. Schmidt; Patrick Wright; Angelo E. Canonico; Brenda T. Pun; Jennifer L. Thompson; Ayumi Shintani; Herbert Y. Meltzer; Gordon R. Bernard; Robert S. Dittus; E. Wesley Ely

Objective: To demonstrate the feasibility of a placebo-controlled trial of antipsychotics for delirium in the intensive care unit and to test the hypothesis that antipsychotics would improve days alive without delirium or coma. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: Six tertiary care medical centers in the US. Patients: One hundred one mechanically ventilated medical and surgical intensive care unit patients. Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to receive haloperidol or ziprasidone or placebo every 6 hrs for up to 14 days. Twice each day, frequency of study drug administration was adjusted according to delirium status, level of sedation, and side effects. Measurements and Main Outcomes: The primary end point was the number of days patients were alive without delirium or coma. During the 21-day study period, patients in the haloperidol group spent a similar number days alive without delirium or coma (median [interquartile range], 14.0 [6.0–18.0] days) as did patients in the ziprasidone (15.0 [9.1–18.0] days) and placebo groups (12.5 [1.2–17.2] days; p = 0.66). No differences were found in secondary clinical outcomes, including ventilator-free days (p = .25), hospital length of stay (p = .68), and mortality (p = .81). Ten (29%) patients in the haloperidol group reported symptoms consistent with akathisia, compared with six (20%) patients in the ziprasidone group and seven (19%) patients in the placebo group (p = .60), and a global measure of extrapyramidal symptoms was similar between treatment groups (p = .46). Conclusions: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of antipsychotics for delirium in mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients is feasible. Treatment with antipsychotics in this limited pilot trial did not improve the number of days alive without delirium or coma, nor did it increase adverse outcomes. Thus, a large trial is needed to determine whether use of antipsychotics for intensive care unit delirium is appropriate. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00096863.


Critical Care Medicine | 1999

Effects of ibuprofen on the physiology and survival of hypothermic sepsis

Murray M. Arons; Arthur P. Wheeler; Gordon R. Bernard; Brian W. Christman; James A. Russell; Roland M. H. Schein; Warren R. Summer; Kenneth P. Steinberg; William Fulkerson; Patrick Wright; William D. Dupont; Bridgett B. Swindell

OBJECTIVES The objective was to compare the clinical and physiologic characteristics of febrile septic patients with hypothermic septic patients; and to examine plasma levels of cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and the lipid mediators thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and prostacyclin in hypothermic septic patients in comparison with febrile patients. Most importantly, we wanted to report the effect of ibuprofen treatment on vital signs, organ failure, and mortality in hypothermic sepsis. SETTING The study was performed in the intensive care units (ICUs) of seven clinical centers in the United States and Canada. PATIENTS Four hundred fifty-five patients admitted to the ICU who met defined criteria for severe sepsis and were suspected of having a serious infection. INTERVENTION Ibuprofen at a dose of 10 mg/kg (maximum 800 mg) was administered intravenously over 30 to 60 mins every 6 hrs for eight doses vs. placebo (glycine buffer vehicle). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Forty-four (10%) septic patients met criteria for hypothermia and 409 were febrile. The mortality rate was significantly higher in hypothermic patients, 70% vs. 35% for febrile patients. At study entry, urinary metabolites of TxB2, prostacyclin, and serum levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 were significantly elevated in hypothermic patients compared with febrile patients. In hypothermic patients treated with ibuprofen, there was a trend toward an increased number of days free of major organ system failures and a significant reduction in the 30-day mortality rate from 90% (18/20 placebo-treated patients) to 54% (13/24 ibuprofen-treated patients). CONCLUSIONS Hypothermic sepsis has an incidence of approximately 10% and an untreated mortality twice that of severe sepsis presenting with fever. When compared with febrile patients, the hypothermic group has an amplified response with respect to cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6 and lipid mediators TxB2 and prostacyclin. Treatment with ibuprofen may decrease mortality in this select group of septic patients.


Critical Care Medicine | 2011

Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Acute Lung Injury: Impact of Fluid Accumulation on Classification of Acute Kidney Injury and Associated Outcomes

Kathleen D. Liu; B. Taylor Thompson; Marek Ancukiewicz; Jay Steingrub; Ivor S. Douglas; Michael A. Matthay; Patrick Wright; Michael W. Peterson; Peter Rock; Robert C. Hyzy; Antonio Anzueto; Jonathon D. Truwit

Objective:It has been suggested that fluid accumulation may delay recognition of acute kidney injury. We sought to determine the impact of fluid balance on the incidence of nondialysis requiring acute kidney injury in patients with acute lung injury and to describe associated outcomes, including mortality. Design:Analysis of the Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial, a factorial randomized clinical trial of conservative vs. liberal fluid management and of management guided by a central venous vs. pulmonary artery catheter. Setting:Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network hospitals. Patients:One thousand patients. Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:The incidence of acute kidney injury, defined as an absolute rise in creatinine of ≥0.3 mg/dL or a relative change of >50% over 48 hrs, was examined before and after adjustment of serum creatinine for fluid balance. The incidence of acute kidney injury before adjustment for fluid balance was greater in those managed with the conservative fluid protocol (57% vs. 51%, p = .04). After adjustment for fluid balance, the incidence of acute kidney injury was greater in those managed with the liberal fluid protocol (66% vs. 58%, p = .007). Patients who met acute kidney injury criteria after adjustment of creatinine for fluid balance (but not before) had a mortality rate that was significantly greater than those who did not meet acute kidney injury criteria both before and after adjustment for fluid balance (31% vs. 12%, p < .001) and those who had acute kidney injury before but not after adjustment for fluid balance (31% vs. 11%, p = .005). The mortality of those patients meeting acute kidney injury criteria after but not before adjustment for fluid balance was similar to patients with acute kidney injury both before and after adjustment for fluid balance (31% vs. 38%, p = .18). Conclusions:Fluid management influences serum creatinine and therefore the diagnosis of acute kidney injury using creatinine-based definitions. Patients with “unrecognized” acute kidney injury that is identified after adjusting for positive fluid balance have higher mortality rates, and patients who have acute kidney injury before but not after adjusting for fluid balance have lower mortality rates. Future studies of acute kidney injury should consider potential differences in serum creatinine caused by changes in fluid balance and the impact of these differences on diagnosis and prognosis.


Critical Care Medicine | 2000

Changing pattern of organ dysfunction in early human sepsis is related to mortality.

James A. Russell; Joel Singer; Gordon R. Bernard; Arthur P. Wheeler; William Fulkerson; Leonard D. Hudson; Roland M. H. Schein; Warren R. Summer; Patrick Wright; Keith R. Walley

ObjectiveWe examined the pattern of organ system dysfunction, the evolution of this pattern over time, and the relationship of these features to mortality in patients who had sepsis syndrome. DesignProspective, multicenter, observational study. SettingIntensive care units in tertiary referral teaching hospitals. PatientsA total of 287 patients who had sepsis syndrome were prospectively identified in intensive care units. Materials and MeasurementsCardiovascular, pulmonary, neurologic, coagulation, renal, and hepatic dysfunction were assessed at onset and on day 3 of sepsis syndrome. Organ dysfunction was classified as normal, mild, moderate, severe, and extreme dysfunction. We calculated the occurrence rate and associated 30-day mortality rate of organ dysfunction at the onset of sepsis syndrome. We then measured the change in organ dysfunction from onset to day 3 of sepsis syndrome and determined, for individual organ systems, the associated 30-day mortality rate. ResultsAt the onset of sepsis syndrome, clinically significant pulmonary dysfunction was the most common organ failure, but was not related to 30-day mortality. Clinically significant cardiovascular, neurologic, coagulation, renal, and hepatic dysfunction were less common at the onset of sepsis syndrome but were significantly associated with the 30-day mortality rate. Worsening neurologic, coagulation, and renal dysfunction from onset to day 3 of sepsis syndrome were associated with significantly higher 30-day mortality than with improvement or no change in organ dysfunction. ConclusionsIncreased mortality rate in sepsis syndrome is associated with a pattern characterized by failure of nonpulmonary organ systems and, in particular, worsening neurologic, coagulation, and renal dysfunction over the first 3 days. Although initial pulmonary dysfunction is common in patients with sepsis syndrome, it is not associated with an increased mortality rate.


Critical Care | 2010

A multi-center, randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous ibuprofen for the treatment of fever in critically ill and non-critically ill adults

Peter E. Morris; John T. Promes; Kalpalatha K. Guntupalli; Patrick Wright; Murray M. Arons

IntroductionHospitalized patients are often unable to ingest or tolerate oral antipyretics and recently an aqueous formulation of intravenous (IV) ibuprofen was approved by the US-FDA for the reduction of fever in adults.MethodsWe evaluated IV ibuprofen to reduce fever exceeding 101.0°F, measured as the percentage of subjects achieving a temperature <101.0°F at four hours after a single dose of IV ibuprofen vs. placebo. Secondary evaluations included the effect on temperature at 24 hours. Nine sites randomized patients to receive either a placebo or IV ibuprofen (100, 200, or 400 mg), and patients were given four hours for six doses. Subjects were excluded for platelet count <30 k and/or creatinine >3.0 mg/dL.ResultsAt entry, there were no significant baseline differences between the IV ibuprofen group and placebo, n = 120. At four hours, the number (percentage) with T<101.0°F was: Placebo n = 9/28 (32%); 100 mg IV ibuprofen n = 19/31 (61%), P = 0.0264; 200 mg IV ibuprofen n = 21/30 (70%) P = 0.0043; 400 mg IV ibuprofen n = 24/31 (77%) P = 0.0005. A total of 53/120 patients (44%) were prospectively defined as critically ill at baseline and similar temperature reductions were observed in this subgroup. There were no statistically significant differences between treatment groups or when compared to placebo in transfusion, bleeding, renal failure or mortality.ConclusionsAll doses of IV ibuprofen tested reduced fever at four hours and throughout the first 24 hours of dosing. The 400 mg dose was effective in lowering temperature to normal and maintaining this over the first 24 hours of dosing. IV ibuprofen was effective in reducing fevers in critically ill and non-critically ill groups. Following 24 hours of administration of IV ibuprofen, no clinically significant differences in any safety parameter including renal function or bleeding occurred through the 28-day follow-up period.Trial registrationsClinicaltrials.gov registration number: NCT01131000.


Critical Care | 2011

Vascular pedicle width in acute lung injury: correlation with intravascular pressures and ability to discriminate fluid status

Todd W. Rice; Lorraine B. Ware; Edward F. Haponik; Caroline Chiles; Arthur P. Wheeler; Gordon R. Bernard; Jay Steingrub; R. Duncan Hite; Michael A. Matthay; Patrick Wright; E. Wesley Ely

IntroductionConservative fluid management in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) increases time alive and free from mechanical ventilation. Vascular pedicle width (VPW) is a non-invasive measurement of intravascular volume status. The VPW was studied in ALI patients to determine the correlation between VPW and intravascular pressure measurements and whether VPW could predict fluid status.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study involved 152 patients with ALI enrolled in the Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial (FACTT) from five NHLBI ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) Network sites. VPW and central venous pressure (CVP) or pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) from the first four study days were correlated. The relationships between VPW, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), cumulative fluid balance, and PAOP were also evaluated. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the ability of VPW to detect PAOP <8 mmHg and PAOP ≥18 mm Hg.ResultsA total of 71 and 152 patients provided 118 and 276 paired VPW/PAOP and VPW/CVP measurements, respectively. VPW correlated with PAOP (r = 0.41; P < 0.001) and less well with CVP (r = 0.21; P = 0.001). In linear regression, VPW correlated with PAOP 1.5-fold better than cumulative fluid balance and 2.5-fold better than PEEP. VPW discriminated achievement of PAOP <8 mm Hg (AUC = 0.73; P = 0.04) with VPW ≤67 mm demonstrating 71% sensitivity (95% CI 30 to 95%) and 68% specificity (95% CI 59 to 75%). For discriminating a hydrostatic component of the edema (that is, PAOP ≥18 mm Hg), VPW ≥72 mm demonstrated 61.4% sensitivity (95% CI 47 to 74%) and 61% specificity (49 to 71%) (area under the curve (AUC) 0.69; P = 0.001).ConclusionsVPW correlates with PAOP better than CVP in patients with ALI. Due to its only moderate sensitivity and specificity, the ability of VPW to discriminate fluid status in patients with acute lung injury is limited and should only be considered when intravascular pressures are unavailable.


Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials | 2015

PLCO: Evolution of an Epidemiologic Resource and Opportunities for Future Studies.

Amanda Black; Wen-Yi Huang; Patrick Wright; Thomas Riley; Jerome Mabie; Sunitha Mathew; Lawrence R. Ragard; Sigurd Hermansen; Kelly J. Yu; Paul F. Pinsky; Philip C. Prorok; Neal D. Freedman; Robert N. Hoover

The Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO), a large-scale, multi-institutional, randomized controlled trial, was launched in 1992 to evaluate the effectiveness of screening modalities for prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer. However, PLCO was additionally designed to serve as an epidemiologic resource and the National Cancer Institute has invested substantial resources over the years to accomplish this goal. In this report, we provide a summary of changes to PLCOs follow-up after conclusion of the screening phase of the trial and highlight recent data and biospecimen collections, including ancillary studies, geocoding, administration of a new medication use questionnaire, consent for linkage to Medicare, and additional tissue collection that enhance the richness of the PLCO resource and provide further opportunities for scientific investigation into the prevention, early detection, etiology and treatment of cancer.

Collaboration


Dive into the Patrick Wright's collaboration.

Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Philip C. Prorok

National Institutes of Health

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

John K. Gohagan

National Institutes of Health

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Barnett S. Kramer

National Institutes of Health

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Paul F. Pinsky

National Institutes of Health

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Thomas Riley

Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

James A. Russell

University of British Columbia

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Researchain Logo
Decentralizing Knowledge