Paul Anthony Camacho López

Validación de dos versiones cortas de la escala para depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos en adolescentes colombianos

OBJECTIVE To establish the validity and reliability of a Brief and Ultra-short Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale in adolescents. DESIGN Validation study. SETTING Secondary schools in Bucaramanga, Colombia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 474 students were selected through a three stage process; 68 did not agree to participate, 8 were excluded and 8 did not complete the process. MAIN MEASUREMENTS Adolescent students were evaluated with CES-D and the clinical interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. The CES-D scale was re-applied 3 to 28 days after the first application. The ten items and the three items with the highest correlation with total score were selected to construct a Brief scale and Ultra-short scale, respectively. Construct validity, criterion validity, test-retest reliability and internal consistency were analyzed. RESULTS For the Brief CES-D Scale the Cronbachs alpha was 0.86 and Lins coefficient was 0.77. The area under ROC curve was 0.83, with a sensitivity of 77.8%; specificity 74.1%. Two main factors were identified to explain the 55.81% variance. For the Ultra-short Scale the Cronbachs alpha was 0.76 and Lins coefficient was 0.74. The area under ROC curve was 0.80, with a sensitivity of 75.56%; specificity 70.67%. One main factor was identified to explain the 68.19% of variance. CONCLUSIONS The Brief and Ultra-Short CES-D Scale are as useful as the original scale for the screening of MDD in adolescents; Ultra-short CES-D Scale does not preserve the original factorial structure.

Factores asociados al uso de sustancias ilícitas en adolescentes escolarizados

Resumen Introduccion El abuso de sustancias ilicitas se establece durante la adolescencia temprana. Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia y los factores asociados al consumo de sustancias ilicitas en adolescentes escolarizados de Bucaramanga. Metodo Una muestra aleatoria de estudiantes adolescentes que completo un cuestionario anonimo acerca del consumo de sustancias ilegales y legales mas escalas y cuestionarios de diferente tipo. Resultados 2.916 estudiantes participaron en esta investigacion. La prevalencia del uso de sustancias ilicitas durante el ultimo ano fue del 3,81%. El uso de sustancias ilicitas en hombres se asocio de manera independiente con la presencia de comportamientos antisociales, fumar todos los dias durante el ultimo mes, patron de dependencia a alcohol y tener un amigo que usa sustancias ilicitas. En mujeres se asocio de manera independiente con la presencia de comportamientos antisociales, tener un amigo que usa sustancias ilicitas, fumar todos los dias durante el ultimo mes y la edad. Conclusion Uno de cada 26 adolescentes escolarizados de Bucaramanga ha usado sustancias ilicitas durante el ultimo ano. Mujeres y hombres mostraron factores asociados similares, sin embargo, los hombres mostraron asociacion con dependencia al alcohol y las mujeres mostraron asociacion con la edad.

Validez y confiabilidad de dos escalas de siluetas para valorar la imagen corporal en estudiantes adolescentes

Objective To determine the validity and reliability of the 13-figure images scale (13-CS) and Standard Figural Stimuli (SFS) for the evaluation of body images in adolescent students from Bucaramanga.OBJECTIVE To determine the validity and reliability of the 13-figure images scale (13-CS) and Standard Figural Stimuli (SFS) for the evaluation of body images in adolescent students from Bucaramanga. METHODS A probabilistic sample with 189 students was evaluated with the two scales. Two weeks later, the valuation together with the size, weight, percentage of body fat, SCOFF questionnaire and Rosenberg self-esteem valuation was repeated. RESULTS The average age was 14.1 years; 62.7% were women. The correlation of the 13-CS and SFS with body fat index, weight and body fat percentage was 0.61, 0.74, 0.40 and 0.72, 0.55, 0.45 respectively. The correlation of dissatisfaction with body image according to the SCOFF and the Rosenberg scales was 0.43 and 0.26 with the 13-CS; 0.50 and -0.23 with the SFS. The reproducibility shows that perceived and ideal figure was 0.93 and 0.90 with the 13-CS; and 0.85 and 0.78 with the SFS. CONCLUSION the concurrent validity of both scales was good. The reproducibility of the 13-CS was excellent while the SFS was good.

Abuso de alcohol en niños y adolescentes escolarizados y factores asociados

INTRODUCTION Previous studies have confirmed high prevalence of alcohol abuse in adolescent students from Bucaramanga, Colombia. However, few studies on the associated factors have been carried out. OBJECTIVE Assessment of prevalence of alcohol abuse and associated factors in student children and adolescents from Bucaramanga. METHODOLOGY A random sample of adolescent students completed an anonymous questionnaire about the consumption of alcohol, illegal and legal substances, together with the CAGE questionnaire and a series of scales and questionnaires assessing risk factors for alcohol abuse. To adjust for confusing variables, a multivariate analysis was performed using a logistic regression model. RESULTS 2916 students were surveyed with an average age between 10 and 22, and a mean of 14.4 years (SD 1.65), 51.1% were female, 36% were in the last two years of high school (10(th) and 11(th) grades), and 17.66% were in private schools. The alcohol abuse pattern as measured by the CAGE scale was 14.6% (95% CI, 13.3 - 16.0%). The associated factors were: age (OR: 1.15, 95% CI 1.04 - 1.27), having a smoking or consuming alcohol sibling (OR: 1.48, 95% CI, 1.01 - 1.17) antisocial behavior (OR 3.03, 95% CI, 2.12 - 4.32) and best friend who uses illicit substances (OR 1.71, 95% CI, 1.06 - 2.76), best friend who smokes or drinks alcohol (OR 2.01, 95% CI, 1.40 - 2.88). CONCLUSIONS One out of 7 students showed a pattern of alcohol abuse. The associated factors were the influence of friends, family, age and antisocial behavior.Resumen Introduccion Estudios previos han confirmado altas prevalencias de abuso de alcohol en adolescentes escolarizados de Bucaramanga; sin embargo, son escasos los estudios sobre factores asociados. Objetivo Evaluar la prevalencia del abuso de alcohol en ninos y adolescentes escolarizados de Bucaramanga, Colombia, y sus factores asociados. Metodologia Una muestra aleatoria de estudiantes adolescentes completo un cuestionario anonimo acerca del consumo de alcohol, sustancias ilegales y legales, el cuestionario CAGE y una serie de escalas y cuestionarios que evaluaban factores de riesgo para abuso de alcohol. Para ajustar por variables de confusion, se realizo un analisis multivariado mediante un modelo de regresion logistica. Resultados Se encuestaron 2.916 estudiantes. La edad de la muestra estuvo entre 10 y 22 anos, con una media de 14,4 anos (DE = 1,65); 51,1% eran mujeres, 36% cursaban basica superior (10° y 11°), el 17,66 % en colegios privados. El patron de consumo abusivo de alcohol medido por la escala del CAGE fue del 14,6% (IC95%; 13,3-16,0%). Los factores asociados fueron: edad (OR = 1,15, IC95% 1,04-1,27), tener un hermano consumidor de cigarrillo o alcohol (OR = 1,48, IC95% 1,01-1,17), comportamiento antisocial (OR = 3,03, IC95% 2,12-4,32), mejor amigo que consume sustancias ilicitas (OR = 1,71, IC95% 1,06-2,76), mejor amigo que fuma o consume alcohol (OR = 2,01, IC95% 1,40-2,88). Conclusiones Uno de cada siete estudiantes presento un patron de consumo abusivo de alcohol. La influencia de los amigos, la familia, la edad y el comportamiento antisocial fueron los factores asociados.

Prevalencia de trastorno obsesivo compulsivo en adolescentes colombianos y su asociación con la doble condición de trabajo y estudio

Resumen Objetivos Estimar la prevalencia del trastorno obsesivo compulsivo (TOC) en ninos y adolescentes escolarizados y determinar los factores sociodemograficos asociados. Metodo Se desarrollo un estudio transversal con una muestra de 501 ninos y ninas de 10 a 17 anos de colegios de Bucaramanga. Se tomaron los datos sociodemograficos y se les realizo la entrevista clinica estructurada para los trastornos del eje I del DSM-IV, version clinica. Se examinaron los factores sociodemograficos con un analisis bivariado. Se realizo analisis estratificado y una regresion logistica no condicional, tomando el trabajo por dinero como una variable explicatoria de riesgo para el desarrollo de TOC. Resultados La prevalencia del TOC fue de 7,4% (IC 95%: 5,3–10,0). Los estudiantes con TOC presentan una prevalencia de trabajo por dinero mayor que en los que no tienen (OR: 2,23; IC 95%: 1,0–4,4). Al controlar variables confusoras, las ninas que trabajaban por dinero mostraron un mayor riesgo en la presencia de TOC (OR: 5,4; IC 95%: 1,7–17,4). Conclusion El estudio sugiere que la prevalencia del TOC en ninos escolarizados de Bucaramanga es alta. La doble condicion de trabajar y estudiar en las ninas podria ser un factor de riesgo asociado con TOC