Paul R. Pearson

Age norms for impulsiveness, venturesomeness and empathy in adults

A total of 1320 Ss (559 males and 761 females) completed the I6 Impulsiveness Questionnaire. Reliabilities, scale intercorrelations, means and standard deviations as well as age means are given after some item changes from the original I5 Questionnaire. The resulting I7 Impulsiveness Questionnaire is reproduced in the Appendix, together with the scoring key. A further 589 Ss (383 males and 206 females) completed the new I7, together with the EPQ and intercorrelations of the seven factors obtained are given (i.e. Psychoticism, Extraversion, Neuroticism, Lie score, impulsiveness Venturesomeness and Empathy). A table of means and standard deviations for this second sample of Ss is also given for the sake of completeness.

Age norms for impulsiveness, venturesomeness and empathy in children

A total of 1505 children (633 boys and 872 girls) completed the I6 Impulsiveness Questionnaire. Reliabilities, scale intercorrelations and means and standard deviations are given after slight modifications were made to the original scoring key on the basis of factor analyses. Age means for both sexes are also given.

The dual nature of the Eysenckian lie scales: Are religious adolescents more truthful?

Abstract The positive relationship between religiosity and Eysenckian lie scale scores consistently identified by previous research has been interpreted in a variety of ways according to whether the lie scale is considered to measure actual lying, lack of insight or social conformity. In the present study 191 15- and 16-yr olds completed the Francis scale of attitude towards Christianity and three Eysenckian lie scales. Item analysis of the lie scales identified two distinct dimensions, one of which correlates with religiosity and one of which does not. These two dimensions also differ in their relationships with the other Eysenckian personality factors. The significant positive relationship now reported between one type of lie scale items and religiosity is discussed against recent paradoxical suggestions that high lie scores may result from a greater tendency to tell the truth rather than distort it.

The Relationship between Neuroticism and Religiosity among English 15-and 16-Year-Olds

Summary The Junior version of the Eysenck scale of neuroticism and the Francis scale of attitude towards religion Form ASC4B were administered to 1088 15- and 16-year-old English school boys and girls in order to examine two conflicting psychological accounts of the relationship between religiosity and stability. The positive significant correlation found between religiosity and neuroticism is shown to be an artifact caused by the fact that women are both more neurotic and more religious than men. The data support neither the hypothesis that religiosity is an expression of instability nor the hypothesis that religiosity fosters stability.

ARE RELIGIOUS CHILDREN BIGGER LIARS

1,088 fourth and fifth year English Secondary School pupils completed a scale of attitude towards religion, Form ASC4B, and the Junior Eysenck Personality Inventory. A positive relationship was found between Lie scale scores and religiosity scores. The results are discussed in relation to the various interpretations of the Lie scale.

The development of a short form of the JEPQ (JEPQ-S): its use in measuring personality and religion

Abstract A short form of the JEPQ, consisting of four scales of six items each, is developed from the JEPQ. The properties of this short questionnaire, its correlations with the parent longer questionnaire and the relationship between both short and long forms of the questionnaire and religiosity are explored among 181 15- and 16-year olds. The short questionnaire is recommended as a functional equivalent to the JEPQ in certain contexts.

The relationship between religiosity and the short form JEPQ (JEPQ-S) indicis of E, N, L and P among eleven year olds

Abstract The JEPQ-S, short form of the JEPQ, was completed by 421 fourth year junior pupils together with the Francis scale of attitude towards Christianity. The negative correlation with psychoticism, the positive correlation with the lie scale and the lack of significant correlation with neuroticism are consistent with the pattern of relationships established between personality and religion among older age groups. The absence of the expected significant negative correlation between religiosity and JEPQ-type extraversion is interpreted in terms of the social learning dimension of the Eysenckian theory of conditionability into tender-minded social attitudes.

Religiosity and the short-scale EPQ-R indices of E, N and L, compared with the JEPI, JEPQ and EPQ

Abstract The short-scale EPQ-R proposes 12 item indices of E, N and L. The reliability and validity of these short indices and their relationship with religiosity are explored among 181 15- and 16-yr olds in comparison with the longer scales of the EPQ, JEPQ and JEPI. The value of the short-scale EPQ-R is recommended for further research.

Impulsivity and religiosity

Abstract The Junior I 6 Impulsiveness Inventory and the Attitude Towards Religion scale ASC4B were administered to 569 schoolchildren aged 11–17 yr. Positive Attitude scores were found to be inversely related to both impulsiveness and venturesomeness. This finding supports the theory that impulsivity is related to toughmindedness and supports the value of the independent operationalization of impulsiveness and venturesomeness in the discussion of social attitudes. However, while the Imp(ulsiveness) scale behaves as predicted by Eysencks theory, the behaviour of the Vent(uresomeness) scale is more problematic. It is suggested that future research on the nature of impulsivity and its relationship with social attitudes might benefit from considering the two components of the Vent scale, namely risk-taking and sensation-seeking, separately.

Religiosity, Gender and the Two Faces of Neuroticism

Recent evidence has suggested that Eysenck’s neuroticism scales combine two components, one gender-free and one gender-related, and that the balance between these components varies from one edition of the scale to another. The present study explores the significance of this finding for the relationship between neuroticism and religiosity, itself a gender-related phenomenon, by calculating the correlation of each of six different measures of neuroticism with the Francis scale of attitude towards Christianity, among a sample of 177 15- and 16-year-olds. The findings support the functional equivalence of the six measures of neuroticism, in spite of different levels of gender-related content, and provide further evidence for the view that neuroticism and religiosity are uncorrelated variables.