Paula Carvalho Pereda

Long-term effects of structural changes in the Brazilian electricity matrix

The Brazilian 2015 Intended Nationally Determined Contribution proposes a reduction of 43% in its greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, compared to its 2005 emissions. In terms of the contribution of the Brazilian electrical sector to achieve this target, it commits to increase the use of renewable energy sources, other than hydroelectricity, and an efficiency gain of 10% by 2030. Considering these targets, this paper estimates the economic and CO2 emissions effects of such propositions using input–output analysis. The estimates are based on eight different future electricity matrices scenarios (2030 and 2050) developed by specialists within the Energy Scenarios Platform. On the one hand, achieving cleaner electrical production requires large investments. On the other hand, a reorganization of the sector leading to increased use of renewable energy sources produces GDP and employment growth. The results show that the net effects are positive in the medium and long run. Brazilian GDP growth may range from 0.61 to 1.24% per year by 2030 and from 0.66 to 1.26% per year by 2050, and total labor demand may reach 630 thousand new employees in 2030 and 685 thousand jobs in 2050. Regarding the reduction of CO

Neutral carbon tax and environmental targets in Brazil

_2

Climate Change Impacts on Birth Outcomes in Brazil

2 emissions, a maximum saving of 4 million tons by 2030 and 1 million tons by 2050 is expected. Therefore, according to the scenarios analyzed, although investing in renewable electrical sources demands more investment, their operational costs are lower, such that the extra expending is more than offset. Hence, the economic benefits from such changes more than compensate the costs of investing in such efforts.

Impacts of Climate Change on Dengue Risk in Brazil

Dengue fever is a climate-sensitive disease that affects thousands of Brazilians every year and generates substantial losses in private and public markets. This chapter aims to identify the roles of climate, both seasonal and historical, on the risk of dengue epidemics in Brazil while controlling for socioeconomical and political influences on the disease as well as the immune status and spatial contagion of populations. By testing and understanding the climate effects on dengue using a risk function for Brazilian data, this chapter intends to link two relevant agendas: the identification of ways to manage the climate related risks of today and improve the understanding of future risks in the country.

Territorial Economic Impacts of Climate Anomalies in Brazil

ABSTRACT We evaluate the effects of a carbon tax in the Brazilian economy using an input–output framework. First, we consider the impacts of a carbon tax of US

Demand for Nutrients in Brazil

10 and US

PAIS NA ESCOLA: AVALIAÇÃO DO PROGRAMA COORDENADOR DE PAIS NO ESPÍRITO SANTO

50/metric ton of CO2 equivalent. As usual, the adoption of the carbon tax generates adverse effects on GDP, wages and jobs in the short term, but reduces emissions and generates new government revenues, especially in the case of the greater tax. Second, we consider a broader tax system reform. In this reform, we replace distortionary taxes by a tax on value added. To compensate for the loss of government revenue, we assume a carbon tax with equivalent revenue. We find that the net effect is a GDP increase of 0.47%, the creation of 533 thousand jobs and reduction of 1.6 million tons of CO2 emissions. Both scenarios exempt exports and levy imports to correct adverse effects on the country’s competitiveness.

Custos da ampliação da licença-paternidade no Brasil

In this paper, we evaluate the impacts of capital markets in housing prices of Sao Paulo City, which is the largest municipality in Brazil. The analysis covers the period from January 2001 to March 2008 and the method applied was based on the model of hedonic pricing. As expected, the conditions of housing financing showed positive correlation with property prices, while banking spreads showed the opposite effect. Some interesting results were obtained through the interaction between the stock market boom in Brazil and characteristics of the houses in the sample. It was found that in periods of positive performance at stock markets, many of the house’s characteristics loose importance in pricing, while the financing conditions become more important.