Paula Regina de Souza Hermann

Frequency and carbapenems susceptibility profile of non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli isolated from clinical samples between 2007 and 2012

Introduction: One of the major problems in health services is the occurrence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) by microorganisms resistant to various antimicrobials. Objectives: To describe the frequency and susceptibility profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii to carbapenems in the hospital from Fundacao Santa Casa de Franca, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods: The susceptibility of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii to carbapenems from 304 clinical isolates between 2007 and 2012 was retrospectively analyzed from a microbiology database at the clinical laboratory of the hospital of Fundacao Santa Casa de Franca, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Results: From isolated and identified strains, 236 (5.3%) P. aeruginosa were susceptible to imipenem (2007 - 69.6% to 2012 - 41.7%) and meropenem (2007 - 63.3% to 2012 - 25%). In addition, all 68 (1.7%) A. baumannii isolates were susceptible to both antibiotics. Conclusion: A. baumannii resistance to carbapenems was not identified; however, there was a decrease in susceptibility to carbapenems over the years for P. aeruginosa.

Hip prosthesis biomaterials: a challenge in prevention of biofilm formation

The objective of this study was to identify the scientific evidences regarding biofilm formation prevention on hip prosthesis biomaterials. It’s an integrative review that aims to answer the following question: what are the scientific evidences regarding biofilm formation prevention on hip prosthesis biomaterials? The search was performed on PubMed portal and on databases: Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL and LILACS. Primary studies about the topic published online up until November 2017 in English, Spanish and Portuguese are included. Among 16 primary studies, 81.25% were in vitro experimental studies, in which polyethylene showed a higher biofilm formation than metallic biomaterials and polymethylmethacrylate. Among clinical studies, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated in most of joint prosthesis components. New acylase-containing polyurethane coatings, silver-zirconium carbonitride films, bioactive gentamicin, biodegradable gentamicin-hydroxyapatite, vancomycin, titanium-silicon-carbonoxygen-nitrogen films and cross-linked polyethylene combined with vitamin E and a poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) layer were developed to prevent biofilm formation. Moreover, cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) ions inhibited bacterial growth, and cobalt-chromium particles reduced biofilm development. The biomaterials that presented properties against biofilm formation were: bioactive gentamicin, biodegradable gentamicin-hydroxyapatite, vancomycin, acylasecontaining polyurethane, cross-linked polyethylene combined with vitamin E-blended and a poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) layer, silver-zirconium carbonitride films and titanium-silicon-carbon-oxygen-nitrogen films. Moreover, the Co-Cr particles released from metallic joint prosthesis showed higher antibiofilm activity than Co-Cr ions.

Simulação como estratégia para o aprendizado em pediatria

INTRODUCAO: a simulacao e importante para situacoes que exijam habilidades psicomotoras ou decisoes rapidas, como as de urgencia e emergencia.OBJETIVO: avaliar o uso da simulacao clinica em Pediatria como estrategia para o aprendizado de alunos do curso de Enfermagem da Faculdade de Ceilândia.METODO: estudo transversal de natureza descritivo, com 47 alunos do curso de enfermagem da Faculdade de Ceilândia. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram questionarios relacionados as Diretrizes da American Heart Association (AHA) e a influencia da simulacao clinica no aprendizado do aluno.RESULTADOS: os alunos possuem conhecimento relevante das diretrizes e afirmaram que a simulacao foi produtiva, que deve ser inserida no cronograma do curso e realizada com outros temas.CONCLUSAO: a pesquisa evidenciou o conhecimento acentuado dos graduandos em Enfermagem da UnB/Ceilândia das Diretrizes de RCP da AHA e concluiu que a pratica da simulacao clinica foi benefica para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem.(AU)