Álvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa

Representações sociais da Enfermagem sobre biossegurança: saúde ocupacional e o cuidar prevencionista

Objective:nto understand the biosecurity social representations by primary care nursing professionals and analyze how they articulate with quality of care.nnnMethods:nexploratory and qualitative research based on social representation theory. The study participants were 36 nursing workers from primary health care in a state capital in the Northeast region of Brazil. The data were analyzed by descending hierarchical classification.nnnResults:nfive classes were obtained: occupational accidents suffered by professionals; occupational exposure to biological agents; biosecurity management in primary health care; the importance of personal protective equipment; and infection control and biosecurity.nnnConclusion:nthe different positions taken by the professionals seem to be based on a field of social representations related to the concept of biosecurity, namely exposure to accidents and risks to which they are exposed. However, occupational accidents are reported as inherent to the practice.Objective: to understand the biosecurity social representations by primary care nursing professionals and analyze how they articulate with quality of care. Methods: exploratory and qualitative research based on social representation theory. The study participants were 36 nursing workers from primary health care in a state capital in the Northeast region of Brazil. The data were analyzed by descending hierarchical classification. Results: five classes were obtained: occupational accidents suffered by professionals; occupational exposure to biological agents; biosecurity management in primary health care; the importance of personal protective equipment; and infection control and biosecurity. Conclusion: the different positions taken by the professionals seem to be based on a field of social representations related to the concept of biosecurity, namely exposure to accidents and risks to which they are exposed. However, occupational accidents are reported as inherent to the practice.

Prevenção e controle das infecções no domicílio: desafios e implicações para enfermagem

Objetivo Identificar as competencias teoricas do enfermeiro para atuacao na prevencao e controle das infeccoes em atencao domiciliar a partir da opiniao de especialistas. Metodos Estudo quase-experimental baseado na Tecnica Delphi, realizado em Unidades Basicas de Saude de uma capital do Nordeste brasileiro e Universidades de quatro regioes do Pais. Participaram 19 enfermeiros atuantes nas equipes da Estrategia Saude da Familia e 15 pesquisadores recrutados pelo metodo snow-ball. Resultados A partir da avaliacao e consenso dos participantes, elaborou-se uma lista de competencias, que permitiram analisar aspectos conceituais, procedimentais e contextuais quanto a prevencao da infeccao no ambiente domiciliar. Conclusao As praticas de prevencao e controle das infeccoes na Atencao Domiciliar sao competencias teoricas reconhecidas pelos enfermeiros, contudo as bases teoricas necessitam de revisoes e adaptacoes no âmbito assistencial e do ensino. As categorias elencadas configuram-se em um instrumento de futuras analises e de reflexao no controle das infeccoes no ambiente domiciliar.

Sexual orientation and quality of life of people living with HIV/Aids

Objective:nTo analyze whether sexual orientation affects the quality of life of people living with HIV/Aids (PLWHA).nnnMethod:nA cross-sectional analytical study was carried out with 146 PLWHA in Teresina, capital city of the state of Piauí, in 2013, by means of the WHOQOL-HIV-bref. Descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis.nnnResults:nThere was a prevalence of men (63.7%), non-heterosexual (57.0%), aged between 19 and 39 years (89%). Of the total, 75.5% mentioned presence of negative feelings, such as fear and anxiety, and 38% reported have suffered stigma. With regard to the dimensions investigated, the most affected were environment and level of independence. Non-heterosexual orientation was negatively associated with quality of life in almost all dimensions.nnnConclusion:nLiving with HIV/Aids and having a non-heterosexual orientation have a negative impact on quality of life.nnnObjetivo:nAnalisar se a orientação sexual afeta a qualidade de vida de pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids (PVHAs).nnnMétodo:nEstudo analítico, transversal, realizado com 146 PVHAs em Teresina, PI, no ano de 2013, por aplicação da escala WHOQOL HIV-bref. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se análise descritiva e regressão linear múltipla.nnnResultados:nHouve predominância de homens (63,7%), não-heterossexuais (57,0%), com idade entre 19 e 39 anos (89%). Do total, 75,5% mencionaram presença de sentimentos negativos como medo e ansiedade e 38% informaram terem sofrido estigma. Com relação aos domínios investigados, os mais comprometidos foram meio ambiente e nível de independência. A orientação não-heterossexual associou-se negativamente à qualidade de vida em, praticamente, todos os domínios.nnnConclusão:nViver com HIV/aids e ter uma orientação não-heterossexual tem impacto negativo na qualidade de vida.

Social representations of biosecurity in nursing: occupational health and preventive care

Objective:nto understand the biosecurity social representations by primary care nursing professionals and analyze how they articulate with quality of care.nnnMethods:nexploratory and qualitative research based on social representation theory. The study participants were 36 nursing workers from primary health care in a state capital in the Northeast region of Brazil. The data were analyzed by descending hierarchical classification.nnnResults:nfive classes were obtained: occupational accidents suffered by professionals; occupational exposure to biological agents; biosecurity management in primary health care; the importance of personal protective equipment; and infection control and biosecurity.nnnConclusion:nthe different positions taken by the professionals seem to be based on a field of social representations related to the concept of biosecurity, namely exposure to accidents and risks to which they are exposed. However, occupational accidents are reported as inherent to the practice.Objective: to understand the biosecurity social representations by primary care nursing professionals and analyze how they articulate with quality of care. Methods: exploratory and qualitative research based on social representation theory. The study participants were 36 nursing workers from primary health care in a state capital in the Northeast region of Brazil. The data were analyzed by descending hierarchical classification. Results: five classes were obtained: occupational accidents suffered by professionals; occupational exposure to biological agents; biosecurity management in primary health care; the importance of personal protective equipment; and infection control and biosecurity. Conclusion: the different positions taken by the professionals seem to be based on a field of social representations related to the concept of biosecurity, namely exposure to accidents and risks to which they are exposed. However, occupational accidents are reported as inherent to the practice.

Colonização nasal por Staphylococcus aureus entre estudantes de Enfermagem: subsídios para monitorização

Objective: to monitor bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus that are resistant or not to oxacillin in nursing undergraduate students, with an emphasis on the process of colonization. Method: cross-sectional prevalence study carried out with 138 nursing students. The biological samples of the nasal cavity were collected in June 2015, by means of sterile swabs, which were subsequently submitted to confirmatory tests of catalase and coagulase. Isolated Staphylococcus aureus had their sensitivity profile determined by means of the Kirby Bauer method. Descriptive, univariate and bivariate analyses were performed. Results: the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus was 21.7. Regarding the resistance profile, 24.1% of strains were resistant to oxacillin, with ampicillin being the antimicrobial with the greatest resistance (82.8%). Conclusion: the nasal cavity is an important bacterial flora of S. aureus in nursing students. The profile of isolated strains highlights the increase of Staphylococcus aureus resistance to antimicrobials such as oxacillin.Objective:nto monitor bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus that are resistant or not to oxacillin in nursing undergraduate students, with an emphasis on the process of colonization.nnnMethod:ncross-sectional prevalence study carried out with 138 nursing students. The biological samples of the nasal cavity were collected in June 2015, by means of sterile swabs, which were subsequently submitted to confirmatory tests of catalase and coagulase. Isolated Staphylococcus aureus had their sensitivity profile determined by means of the Kirby Bauer method. Descriptive, univariate and bivariate analyses were performed.nnnResults:nthe prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus was 21.7. Regarding the resistance profile, 24.1% of strains were resistant to oxacillin, with ampicillin being the antimicrobial with the greatest resistance (82.8%).nnnConclusion:nthe nasal cavity is an important bacterial flora of S. aureus in nursing students. The profile of isolated strains highlights the increase of Staphylococcus aureus resistance to antimicrobials such as oxacillin.

Effectiveness of Surface Cleaning and Disinfection in a Brazilian Healthcare Facility

Background: Failures in the processes of cleaning and disinfecting health service surfaces may result in the spread and transfer of pathogens that are often associated with healthcare-related infections and outbreaks. Aims: To assess the effectiveness of environmental surface cleaning and disinfection in a hospital clinic. Method: The study was conducted in a nursing ward with 45 beds. A total of 80 samples from five high-touch surfaces were evaluated before and after cleaning and disinfection, using the following methods: visual inspection, adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assay, aerobic colony count, Staphylococcus aureus colony count, and evaluation of resistance to methicillin. The data analysis used nonparametric comparative and correlative tests to observe any differences in the pre- and post- cleaning and disinfection results for the surfaces assessed. Results: Effective cleaning and disinfection had a significant effect on only two surfaces when measured for the presence of adenosine triphosphate, the inner bathroom door handle (p=0.007) and the toilet bowl (p=0.01). When evaluated for Staphylococcus aureus colony count, the toilet flush handle also demonstrated a significant effect (p=0.04). Conclusion: The effectiveness of cleaning and disinfection of the surfaces tested was not satisfactory. An educational intervention is recommended for the cleaning and disinfection staff and the nursing team at the healthcare facility. Relevance to Clinical Practice: The data in the study revealed that daily hospital cleaning and disinfection in the sampled sites are not sufficient in medical and surgical wards. Hospital cleanliness must be reevaluated from the point of view of materials, such as an adequate supply of clean cloths, in addition to establishing more precise cleanliness protocols and accurate monitoring systems.

Knowledge about HIV/AIDS and implications of establishing partnerships among Hornet® users

OBJECTIVEnTo evaluate the knowledge of men, who have sex with men who use geolocation-based dating software, about HIV/AIDS, and the implications of establishing partnerships.nnnMETHODnDescriptive study with 30 Hornet® users. The statements generated had statistical treatment in the IRaMuTeQ software, analyzed through the Descending Hierarchical Classification.nnnRESULTSnThe sexual frequency in the last 30 days was 2.9 partners, of which 2.1 were found by the application, of which 63.3% reported having sex without condoms. There were four classes: Knowledge about HIV/AIDS prevention measures; PrEP/truvada as a measure of HIV/AIDS prevention; Risky behaviors in relation to HIV infection; Establishment of sexual partnerships through applications.nnnCONCLUSIONnHornet users have insufficient knowledge about HIV prevention measures, especially when discarding the male condom. The relationships established through the application are permeated by high individual vulnerability and behaviors that have potential exposure to the risk of HIV infection.

Patient safety and infection control: bases for curricular integration

OBJECTIVEnTo analyze curricular integration between teaching of patient safety and good infection prevention and control practices.nnnMETHODnIntegrative review, designed to answer the question: How does curricular integration of content about patient safety teaching and content about infection prevention and control practices occur in undergraduate courses in the health field?. The following databases were searched for primary studies: CINAHL, LILACS, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, Europe PMC and MEDLINE.nnnRESULTSnThe final sample consisted of 13 studies. After content analysis, primary studies were grouped into two subject categories: Innovative teaching practices and Curricular evaluation.nnnCONCLUSIONnPatient safety related to infection prevention and control practices is present in the curriculum of health undergraduate courses, but is not coordinated with other themes, is taught sporadically, and focuses mainly on hand hygiene.

Hip prosthesis biomaterials: a challenge in prevention of biofilm formation

The objective of this study was to identify the scientific evidences regarding biofilm formation prevention on hip prosthesis biomaterials. It’s an integrative review that aims to answer the following question: what are the scientific evidences regarding biofilm formation prevention on hip prosthesis biomaterials? The search was performed on PubMed portal and on databases: Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL and LILACS. Primary studies about the topic published online up until November 2017 in English, Spanish and Portuguese are included. Among 16 primary studies, 81.25% were in vitro experimental studies, in which polyethylene showed a higher biofilm formation than metallic biomaterials and polymethylmethacrylate. Among clinical studies, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated in most of joint prosthesis components. New acylase-containing polyurethane coatings, silver-zirconium carbonitride films, bioactive gentamicin, biodegradable gentamicin-hydroxyapatite, vancomycin, titanium-silicon-carbonoxygen-nitrogen films and cross-linked polyethylene combined with vitamin E and a poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) layer were developed to prevent biofilm formation. Moreover, cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) ions inhibited bacterial growth, and cobalt-chromium particles reduced biofilm development. The biomaterials that presented properties against biofilm formation were: bioactive gentamicin, biodegradable gentamicin-hydroxyapatite, vancomycin, acylasecontaining polyurethane, cross-linked polyethylene combined with vitamin E-blended and a poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) layer, silver-zirconium carbonitride films and titanium-silicon-carbon-oxygen-nitrogen films. Moreover, the Co-Cr particles released from metallic joint prosthesis showed higher antibiofilm activity than Co-Cr ions.

Distribuição e custo de antimicrobianos na Atenção Primária

Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil. Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Instituto de Medicina e Higiene Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. Confl icts of interest: there are no confl icts of interest to declare. Abstract Objective: To analyze antimicrobial distribution and costs in primary care of a capital city in the Northeast region of Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional, analytical study, developed in the city of Teresina, in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Data cover the period from June 2015 to July 2016. Descriptive statistics and the Kruskal-Wallis test were calculated to compare the medians of the independent data distributions. Results: A total of 1,651,516 antimicrobials were distributed in 15 different types, with amoxicillin (500mg) being the most distributed (75%) in psychosocial care centers, and in the basic health units (47%). The total cost for the period was 98,705.00 BRL. There were no statistically signifi cant differences among the costs medians in each zone of the studied municipality. Conclusion: These drugs are irregularly distributed among the units, according to the demand. The supply does not follow a specifi c protocol, and a possible increase or reduction in demand is not investigated.