Paula Vega

Facilitadores y barreras que enfrentan las personas al tomarse el test de ELISA para el diagnóstico del VIH: revisión de la literatura

Introduccion: El diagnostico tardio de la infeccion por VIH es un problema universal. A pesar de la disponibilidad del test de ELISA para el diagnostico de esta infeccion en la atencion primaria de salud, las personas continuan tomandoselo tardiamente. Objetivo: Conocer los factores que facilitan o dificultan que las personas accedan oportunamente al examen en la atencion primaria de salud. Metodos: Cuatro bases de datos del area de la enfermeria, psicologica, salud biomedica y profesiones afines (anos 2001-2012) fueron examinadas con un protocolo de revision. Resultados: De 195 articulos detectados, 15 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusion y fueron agrupados en dos grandes temas: elementos facilitadores y elementos obstaculizadores de la persona, de los profesionales y de los centros de atencion primaria de salud. Percepcion de conductas de riesgo, autocuidado, apoyo social, la confianza, confidencialidad del examen, el ofrecimiento del examen y el conocimiento de un tratamiento oportuno han sido reconocidos como uno de los elementos facilitadores para la toma del examen. La falta de informacion sobre el test y la enfermedad son reconocidas como los principales obstaculizadores para acceder al test. Discusion: La informacion obtenida es un pilar fundamental para disenar e implementar estrategias destinadas a aumentar el numero de personas que solicitan voluntariamente al examen.

When Grief Turns Into Love Understanding the Experience of Parents Who Have Revived After Losing a Child Due to Cancer

A child’s death caused by cancer generates a deep impact on his/her parents, who can be affected by serious health problems due to an impairment of their lifestyle. Notwithstanding their suffering, some parents manage to overcome it and discover a new meaning for their lives. The goal of this phenomenological study is to understand the lived experiences that help parents to revive after the death of their child due to cancer. The participants were fathers and mothers who believe that they have elaborated their mourning. Their lived experiences were collected in interviews they had previously agreed to give. The question that steered the interview was: “What is the experience you went through that helped you to revive after your child died due to cancer?” Data were analyzed using Streubert’s method. Analyzing the interviews of the participants, 3 interweaved essences were detected: transition from surviving to reviving themselves; ascribing a sense and meaning to the life, agony, and death of a child; and helping other parents through one’s own experience.

Supporting in grief and burnout of the nursing team from pediatric units in Chilean hospitals

Objective To know the levels of Burnout Syndrome and perception of grief support in nursing teams of oncology and pediatric intensive care in public hospitals in Chile. Method A study of descriptive cross-sectional design. The Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Grief Support Health Care Scale were applied to university-level and technical nursing professionals between March and November 2015. An analysis to compare the means was performed with use of the Students t-test, and the level of significance was set at 5%. Results The study included 153 professionals. Results show 4% of professionals have Burnout Syndrome (BS) and 89% are at risk of having it. Oncology professionals are at higher risk as they present higher levels of emotional exhaustion and lower levels of personal fulfillment. Half of professionals have a high level of perception of grief support, which is greater in the oncology team. Conclusion Professionals working in pediatric oncology units are at increased risk of Burnout Syndrome and grief support may be a mediating factor in this process.

Relación entre apoyo en duelo y el síndrome de Burnout en profesionales y técnicos de la salud infantil

Detect the presence of Burnout and bereavement support of health professionals in oncology and pediatric intensive care units in Chilean public hospitals. SUBJECTS AND METHOD Transversal design of descriptive correlational type. Auto-evaluation using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Grief Support Health Care Scale instruments in 210 professionals and technicians. For the analysis of a means comparison, the t-student test was used and for the comparison between the variables, the correlations of Pearson and Spearman were used, considering a level of significance of 5%. RESULTS 4% of the participants presented with Burnout and 71% were at risk of suffering it. 52% had a high level of perception of bereavement support, especially in women and oncology personnel. When correlating support in bereavement and Burnout, the data suggests that both the recognition of the bond, as well as the loss after death of a patient, helps decrease the depersonalization of the professional and improves their personal fulfillment. CONCLUSION Professionals in areas of high pediatric complexity are at high risk of Burnout, due to greater emotional exhaustion and low personal accomplishment. However, a greater perception of recognition and support in their bereavement is a factor that can reduce that risk. Therefore, continuous intervention programs are required within these units, with concrete strategies for accompaniment, teamwork and mourning rituals.Objective: Detect the presence of Burnout and bereavement support of health professionals in oncology and pediatric intensive care units in Chilean public hospitals. Subjects and Method: Transversal design of descriptive correlational type. Auto-evaluation using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Grief Support Health Care Scale instruments in 210 professionals and technicians. For the analysis of a means comparison, the t-student test was used and for the comparison between the variables, the correlations of Pearson and Spearman were used, considering a level of significance of 5%. Results: 4% of the participants presented with Burnout and 71% were at risk of suffering it. 52% had a high level of perception of bereavement support, especially in women and oncology personnel. When correlating support in bereavement and Burnout, the data suggests that both the recognition of the bond, as well as the loss after death of a patient, helps decrease the depersonalization of the professional and improves their personal fulfillment. Conclusion: Professionals in areas of high pediatric complexity are at high risk of Burnout, due to greater emotional exhaustion and low personal accomplishment. However, a greater perception of recognition and support in their bereavement is a factor that can reduce that risk. Therefore, continuous intervention programs are required within these units, with concrete strategies for accompaniment, teamwork and mourning rituals.

Apoio no luto e burnout da equipe de enfermagem de unidades pediátricas em hospitais chilenos

Objective To know the levels of Burnout Syndrome and perception of grief support in nursing teams of oncology and pediatric intensive care in public hospitals in Chile. Method A study of descriptive cross-sectional design. The Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Grief Support Health Care Scale were applied to university-level and technical nursing professionals between March and November 2015. An analysis to compare the means was performed with use of the Students t-test, and the level of significance was set at 5%. Results The study included 153 professionals. Results show 4% of professionals have Burnout Syndrome (BS) and 89% are at risk of having it. Oncology professionals are at higher risk as they present higher levels of emotional exhaustion and lower levels of personal fulfillment. Half of professionals have a high level of perception of grief support, which is greater in the oncology team. Conclusion Professionals working in pediatric oncology units are at increased risk of Burnout Syndrome and grief support may be a mediating factor in this process.

Apoyo en duelo y burnout en equipos de enfermería de unidades pediátricas de hospitales chilenos

Objective To know the levels of Burnout Syndrome and perception of grief support in nursing teams of oncology and pediatric intensive care in public hospitals in Chile. Method A study of descriptive cross-sectional design. The Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Grief Support Health Care Scale were applied to university-level and technical nursing professionals between March and November 2015. An analysis to compare the means was performed with use of the Students t-test, and the level of significance was set at 5%. Results The study included 153 professionals. Results show 4% of professionals have Burnout Syndrome (BS) and 89% are at risk of having it. Oncology professionals are at higher risk as they present higher levels of emotional exhaustion and lower levels of personal fulfillment. Half of professionals have a high level of perception of grief support, which is greater in the oncology team. Conclusion Professionals working in pediatric oncology units are at increased risk of Burnout Syndrome and grief support may be a mediating factor in this process.

Percepción de la vivencia del acceso oportuno al diagnóstico del VIH, en personas viviendo con VIH/SIDA: Acceso oportuno al test de VIH

BACKGROUND The delay in the diagnosis of AIDS results in higher treatment costs. AIM To reveal the experiences of people who were diagnosed in the AIDS stage about the access to the ELISA test. MATERIAL AND METHODS In depth interviews were carried out to 15 participants from public hospitals who were in the AIDS stage at the moment of the diagnosis. The main questions asked were about the motivations to take the test, the barriers found and the help received from the health care personnel. All interviews were recorded and analyzed according to Kripperdorff. RESULTS The three categories that emerged were the motivations to take the test, the facilitators found and the difficulties to access to the test. The main motivation was a condition of vulnerability due to the suspicion or certainty of being infected. The main facilitator was the sensation of being accepted and not discriminated. The main difficulties were the fear of having a positive test and of being discriminated and the lack of information. CONCLUSIONS Knowing these experiences will help to improve the early detection of HIV infections.Background: The delay in the diagnosis of AIDS results in higher treatment costs. Aim: To reveal the experiences of people who were diagnosed in the AIDS stage about the access to the ELISA test. Material and methods: In depth interviews were carried out to 15 participants from public hospitals who were in the AIDS stage at the moment of the diagnosis. The main questions asked were about the motivations to take the test, the barriers found and the help received from the health care personnel. All interviews were recorded and analyzed according to Kripperdorff. Results: The three categories that emerged were the motivations to take the test, the facilitators found and the difficulties to access to the test. The main motivation was a condition of vulnerability due to the suspicion or certainty of being infected. The main facilitator was the sensation of being accepted and not discriminated. The main difficulties were the fear of having a positive test and of being discriminated and the lack of information. Conclusions: Knowing these experiences will help to improve the early detection of HIV infections.

BARRERAS PERCIBIDAS POR LOS USUARIOS PARA ACCEDER AL TEST DE ELISA PARA VIH

Objetivo: Develar las barreras percibidas por los usuarios con serologia desconocida para acceder al test de Elisa, para el diagnostico de VIH a nivel de Atencion Primaria de Salud. Material y metodo: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo exploratorio en el que se realizaron 30 entrevistas en profundidad a usuarios con serologia desconocida para Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH) de dos centros de salud, quienes solicitaron el examen por iniciativa propia. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas y transcritas textualmente, con previo consentimiento de los participantes. El analisis de contenido se realizo segun Kripperdorff y se cumplieron los criterios de rigor segun Guba y Lincoln. Resultados: Del analisis emergieron 3 dimensiones que corresponden a las barreras: Temor por la connotacion negativa del examen del VIH, escasa informacion entregada por el personal de los centros y burocracia en el proceso de toma del examen del VIH. Conclusion: Las barreras percibidas por los usuarios aparecen desde sus propios temores y de aspectos administrativos de los centros de salud, dificultando el acceso voluntario a la toma del examen del VIH.

Optimizando el acceso oportuno al test de ELISA para el diagnóstico del VIH: Recomendaciones desde los usuarios y profesionales de la Atención Primaria de Salud

Background: Early HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) diagnosis optimizes therapies aimed at reducing viral load, increasing survival, lowering health costs and reducing the number of people infected with the virus. In Chile, despite widespread and readily available HIV testing, infected people continue to get tested in a late fashion and are usually diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease. Aim: To determine the elements that facilitate or impede a timely HIV testing and to evaluate how to improve the access to HIV testing. Material and methods: Descriptive, in-depth interviews to 30 participants with unknown serology, 15 participants diagnosed at AIDS stage and 15 health care professionals working at a primary healthcare settings. Results: Users and professionals formulated three suggestions to improve timely access to ELISA test for HIV diagnosis. Namely, to inform users and professionals about the characteristics of the disease and diagnostic test, to offer fast and easy access to HIV testing, and to train the whole healthcare team about obtaining informed consent for testing. Conclusions: These recommendations should be implemented at healthcare centers to attain a timely HIV diagnosis.BACKGROUND Early HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) diagnosis optimizes therapies aimed at reducing viral load, increasing survival, lowering health costs and reducing the number of people infected with the virus. In Chile, despite widespread and readily available HIV testing, infected people continue to get tested in a late fashion and are usually diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease. AIM To determine the elements that facilitate or impede a timely HIV testing and to evaluate how to improve the access to HIV testing. MATERIAL AND METHODS Descriptive, in-depth interviews to 30 participants with unknown serology, 15 participants diagnosed at AIDS stage and 15 health care professionals working at a primary healthcare settings. RESULTS Users and professionals formulated three suggestions to improve timely access to ELISA test for HIV diagnosis. Namely, to inform users and professionals about the characteristics of the disease and diagnostic test, to offer fast and easy access to HIV testing, and to train the whole healthcare team about obtaining informed consent for testing. CONCLUSIONS These recommendations should be implemented at healthcare centers to attain a timely HIV diagnosis.

El transitar del sobrevivir al revivir: comprender la vivencia de padres y madres que han perdido a sus hijos a causa del cáncer

Introduccion: La muerte de un hijo a causa del cancer genera un gran impacto y sufrimiento en los padres, sin embargo algunos de ellos logran sobreponerse y encontrar un nuevo sentido a su vida, Objetivo: Investigar sobre las experiencias vividas que ayudan a los padres y madres a revivir despues de la muerte de un hijo(a) por cancer. Metodologia: Estudio cualitativo fenomenologico, en el que se recogieron las vivencia a traves de entrevistas en profundidad a padres y madres que participaban en la Corporacion Re-Viviendo, las que fueron grabadas y transcritas textualmente, con previo consentimiento de los participantes. Para el analisis de los datos se cumplio con el rigor metodologico. Resultados: Tras analizar las entrevistas, se develo un proceso dinamico y continuo de multiples vivencias que permitieron a los participantes transitar desde la sobrevivencia tras la perdida, hasta el revivir a si mismos. Conclusiones: Mediante un proceso de crecimiento personal y activo, los padres logran atribuirle sentido a la vida, agonia y muerte de su hijo(a), lo que les permite elaborar el duelo.