Paulo Cesar Moreira

Efeitos dos níveis de fibra e de fontes de proteínas sobre a concentração do nitrogênio amoniacal e pH ruminal em novilhos

The experiment was carried out to study the effects of fiber levels (38.7 and 57.2% NDF), composed of elephantgrass silage and chopped sugarcane and two protein sources, a high (soybean meal) and low (blood meal and corn gluten meal) ruminal degradable protein, on the ammonia nitrogen concentration (N-NH3) and on the ruminal pH of steers. Four rumen fistulated Brow-Swiss steers, with 316 kg of average initial weight, were randomly allotted to a 4 x 4 Latin square design. The steers were full fed diets containing two levels of fiber and two sources of protein with different ruminal degradable protein. The highest means of N-NH3 concentrations in the ruminal fluid were observed with the diets with soybean meal as protein source, independently of the fiber level, with values of 0.18 mg of N-NH3/mL of ruminal fluid. The minimum values of N-NH3 in the ruminal fluid were appropriate to the microbial growth in all the experiment diets. The smallest mean of pH value in the ruminal fluid was observed in diets with low fiber, with value of 6.27, and the minimum value of pH in the ruminal fluid was in the range of maximum microbial growth, as well as maximum ruminal digestion, in all the experimental diets.

Morfologia e biometria do ligamento apical do pênis de touros da raça Girolando

The aim of this study was to describe the morphology and biometry of the apical ligament of the penis of Girolando bulls. For this purpose, it was dissected 32 penis of Girolando bulls obtained from slaughterhouses and kept frozen until their dissection. The animals were 36 to 48 month old and weighted between 480 and 540kg. The origin of the apical ligament occurred at 15.1±2.9cm distally to the caudal loop of the sigmoid flexure and its insertion occurred at 1.4±0.7cm proximally to the neck of the glans. The length of the apical ligament was 19.9±2.6cm. The width was 1.9±0.6mm at its origin, 2.2±0.8mm at its insertion and 35.2±10mm at the insertion of the internal lamina of prepuce. The average thickness along its extension varied from 0.7 to 1.0mm. On the free portion of the penis the apical ligament involved predominantly the dorsum and the left side of the penis, and its attachment to the tunica albuginea varied along its extension. The apical ligament is firmly attached to the tunica albuginea on its origin, insertion and on the left side of the penis, but dorsally and on the right side of the penis this union is made only through loose connective tissue. Significant linear relation was observed between length and circumference of the penis with length of the apical ligament, but the relation between these penis parameters and the width of the apical ligament was low.

Influências Edafoclimáticas, Hormonais e Nutricionais na Produção de Vacas Leiteiras em Lactação

Estudou-se a influencia de fatores edafoclimaticos, hormonais e nutricionais na producao de vacas Holandesas em lactacao. Fatores como ingestao de materia seca, comportamento alimentar, requerimentos de nutrientes e agua por parte dos animais, fatores ambientais e metabolismo da producao lactea foram estudados. Verificou-se que vacas em lactacao sao altamente susceptiveis a fatores externos quando se trata da producao de leite.

Mercado de Carbono no Brasil

Resumo: as acoes decorrentes das atividades economicas e industriais tem provocado alteracoes na biosfera, resultando na multiplicacao da concentracao de Gases que provocam o Efeito Estufa (GEE) na atmosfera. Para tratar do problema do efeito estufa e suas possiveis consequencias sobre a humanidade foram estabelecidas em 1992, durante a Rio 92, A Convencao sobre Mudancas Climaticas. O Protocolo firmado na Conferencia das partes de 1997 da Convencao de Mudancas climaticas, em Kyoto, finalmente fixou um teto de emissoes para varios paises desenvolvidos e introduziu a possibilidade de mecanismos de criacao de mercado de carbono. Esse comercio entre paises com e sem teto seria, entao, realizado pelo Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL). Palavras-chave: Carbono. Desenvolvimento. Efeito Estufa. Aquecimento Global. Protocolo de kyoto.

Evolução do Ganho de Peso de Bovinos Confinados Alimentados com Fontes Variadas de Proteína

Apos a inativacao da toxina botulinica na cama-de-frangos, foi formulado um concentrado, basicamente com a cama-de-frangos, e fornecido aos animais. Comecou ai a tomada de ganho de peso que foi realizada com tres pesagens subsequentes. O que se destaca no trabalho e o custo x beneficio da utilizacao da cama-de-frangos, na alimentacao de bovinos confinados, em relacao a outro tipo de suplementacao.