Paulo Nascimento Neto

Housing Policy. A Critical Analysis on the Brazilian Experience

The last decade has revealed significant advancements on social housing in Brazil. Along with the implementation of the National Housing Policy (2004), the National Housing System (2005), and the National Housing Plan (2008), a consistent model to face the Brazilian housing deficiency was created. The prime period of the actions and resources taken by the various government levels and private agents took place during the implementation of Minha Casa Minha Vida [My Home My Life] program (PMCMV), whose goal was to build a million houses. Based on the outlined context, this paper seeks to evaluate the relationship between National Housing Policy and PMCMV, discussing its implications on housing outlook in the country. A bibliographical and documentary research showed theoretical and conceptual unbalance between these two policies, allowing speculation on the prevalence of the economic component over the social one.

URBAN PLANNING BASED ON WATERSHEDS: FROM THEORETICAL DEBATE TO MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT

Os debates a cerca da conservacao e preservacao dos recursos hidricos tem se tornado recorrente nos estudos urbanos, visando a compatibilizacao do desenvolvimento urbano com a manutencao da qualidade e controle do uso da agua. Estes objetivos, transformados em instrumental de gestao municipal, se traduzem nos Planos Municipais de Recursos Hidricos (PMRH), que passaram a ser desenvolvidos no Parana desde 2008. Impoe-se assim aos gestores publicos uma serie de desafios a fim de desenvolver uma sistematica que balize com consistencia a atuacao publica. Neste artigo procura-se apresentar a experiencia do PMRH do Municipio de Rio Negro (PR), onde foi desenvolvido um instrumental analitico proprio, adequando-se as variaveis de avaliacao necessarias a capacidade - via de regra, restrita - de municipios de pequeno porte em coletar e tratar dados ambientais. Tem-se por objetivo fim demonstrar a viabilidade de implementacao de uma sistematica de monitoramento municipal tendo a bacia hidrografica como unidade de planejamento.

URBAN POLICY IN BRAZIL: MISMATCHES IN THE SOCIAL MANAGEMENT OF LAND APPRECIATION

In Brazil, there is a clear strengthening of debates about the instruments of City Statute, which are discussed under the light of social management of land appreciation. Their degree of effectiveness, their low popular participation and their use to legitimize policies engendered by particular interests are usually questioned. This paper investigates the capacity of Joint Urban Operations as a instrument for surplus land value recovery. Starting from a study on Faria Lima Urban Operation, limitations and opportunities of Linha Verde Urban Operation (Curitiba-PR), which is being implemented, is prospectively discussed. Analysis performed came up with observations that were, at the same time, complementary and contradictory. On one hand, it is necessary to recognize urban operation’s potential as an instrument able to leverage urban transformation, dividing costs of public action among other stakeholders. On the other hand, however, its low efficiency - from the perspective of social management of land appreciation - is clear, and shows a lack of mechanisms that could ensure a minimal addressing of the funds for constructions of public interest.

DIMENSÃO METROPOLITANA DA POLÍTICA HABITACIONAL

The last decade (2000-2010) has been characterized by the resumption of the protagonism of housing policy in Brazil, with the consolidation of instruments and policies that have formed a consistent framework to address the issue in the country. However, despite the concentration of the problem in metropolitan areas, the policy and the national housing plan have essentially adopted municipal strategies. Given this context, how can the obstacles and limits to the regional articulation of municipal housing policies in metropolitan regions be discussed? We start from the assumption that, while regional articulation is inevitable, the planning and management arrangements and instruments available have structural limitations that make the integration of municipal policies unfeasible. To discuss this issue, a previous question must be answered: how to investigate the factors that condition the integration of housing policies in metropolitan regions? This is the question that this article seeks to answer, resulting in the proposition of an analytical investigative structure that underlies future studies in this field.

Análise de políticas públicas: entre a modelagem e a realidade da política habitacional brasileira

Challenges seen in the implementation of public policies in Brazil have fostered a series of debates, among which we highlight the ones related to the theoretical models of policy analysis and their limitations in face of a polycentric and fractal perspective of public policies. Starting from a specific thematic policy (social housing), this paper sustains a critical point of view about mono-disciplinary studies. However, one cannot deny the complexity of this task. In fact, understand the advances of Brazilian social housing in the last decade, in a multi-disciplinary and integrated way, is a challenge. With the objective to advance in this area, this paper aims to evaluate theoretical models of public policies and, from these elements, propose constructs to support future theoretical models to investigate social housing policy in Brazil.

Analysis of public policies: between modeling and reality of Brazilian housing policy

Challenges seen in the implementation of public policies in Brazil have fostered a series of debates, among which we highlight the ones related to the theoretical models of policy analysis and their limitations in face of a polycentric and fractal perspective of public policies. Starting from a specific thematic policy (social housing), this paper sustains a critical point of view about mono-disciplinary studies. However, one cannot deny the complexity of this task. In fact, understand the advances of Brazilian social housing in the last decade, in a multi-disciplinary and integrated way, is a challenge. With the objective to advance in this area, this paper aims to evaluate theoretical models of public policies and, from these elements, propose constructs to support future theoretical models to investigate social housing policy in Brazil.

Análisis de las políticas públicas: entre el modelado y la realidad de la política de vivienda en Brasil

Challenges seen in the implementation of public policies in Brazil have fostered a series of debates, among which we highlight the ones related to the theoretical models of policy analysis and their limitations in face of a polycentric and fractal perspective of public policies. Starting from a specific thematic policy (social housing), this paper sustains a critical point of view about mono-disciplinary studies. However, one cannot deny the complexity of this task. In fact, understand the advances of Brazilian social housing in the last decade, in a multi-disciplinary and integrated way, is a challenge. With the objective to advance in this area, this paper aims to evaluate theoretical models of public policies and, from these elements, propose constructs to support future theoretical models to investigate social housing policy in Brazil.

Operação Urbana Consorciada da Linha Verde: limites e oportunidades à luz da gestão social da valorização da terra

Discussions about the City Statute have been resumed, and the questions focus on its effectiveness, poor public participation and its use to legitimize policies guided by private interests. This paper investigates Urban Operations (UO) as a mechanism to recover land surplus value. Based on a study about the Faria Lima UO (city of Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil), the paper discusses the Linha Verde UO (city of Curitiba, Southern Brazil), which is at the initial stage of implementation. The analysis enables to draw conclusions that are both complementary and contradictory. On the one hand, it is necessary to recognize its potential as an important instrument to leverage urban transformation, dividing the costs of public action with stakeholders. However, it is possible to notice its low efficiency in the social management of land value appreciation, as it lacks mechanisms to ensure the appropriate distribution of public resources.