Pavel Hrabák

Experimental Analysis of Two-Dimensional Pedestrian Flow in Front of the Bottleneck

This contribution presents an experimental study of two-dimensional pedestrian flow with the aim to capture the pedestrian behaviour within the cluster formed in front of the bottleneck. Two experiments of passing through a room with one entrance and one exit were arranged according to phase transition study in Ezaki and Yanagisawa (Metastability in pedestrian evacuation. In: Cellular automata, ed. by G. Sirakoulis, S. Bandini. LNCS, vol 7495. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 776–784, 2012), the inflow rate was regulated to obtain different walking modes. By means of automatic image processing, pedestrians’ paths are extracted from camera recordings to get actual velocity and local density. Macroscopic information is extracted by means of a virtual detector and leaving times of pedestrians. The pedestrian’s behaviour is evaluated by means of density and velocity. Different approaches of measurement are compared using several fundamental diagrams. Two phases of crowd behaviour have been recognized and the phase transition is described.

Cellular Model of Pedestrian Dynamics with Adaptive Time Span

A cellular model of pedestrian dynamics based on the Floor Field model is presented. Contrary to the parallel update in Floor Field, the concept of adaptive time span is introduced. This concept, together with the concept of bounds, supports the spontaneous line formation and chaotic queue in front of the bottleneck. Model simulations are compared to the experiment “passing through”, from which a phase transition from low to high density is observed.

Inter-particle gap distribution and spectral rigidity of the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process with open boundaries

We consider the one-dimensional totally asymmetric simple exclusion model (TASEP model) with open boundary conditions and present the analytical computations leading to the exact formula for distance clearance distribution, i.e. probability density for a clear distance between subsequent particles of the model. The general relation is rapidly simplified for middle part of the one-dimensional lattice using the large

Cellular Model of Room Evacuation Based on Occupancy and Movement Prediction

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Conflict Solution According to “Aggressiveness” of Agents in Floor-Field-Based Model

approximation. Both the analytical formulas and their approximations are successfully compared with the numerical representation of the TASEP model. Furthermore, we introduce the pertinent estimation for so-called spectral rigidity of the model. The results obtained are sequentially discussed within the scope of vehicular traffic theory.

Individual Microscopic Results of Bottleneck Experiments

The rule-based CA for simulating the evacuation process of single room with one exit is presented. Analogically to the Floor-Field model, the presented model is based on the movement on rectangular lattice, driven by the potential field generated by the exit. Several ideas of decision-making allowing the agent to choose an occupied cell are implemented, to reflect the observed behaviour in high densities. The velocity of pedestrians is represented by the updating frequency of the individuals. To calibrate model parameters, an experiment “leaving the room” was organized. Based on the observed behaviour, the influence of parameters is discussed and several modifications are suggested.

Time-headway distribution for periodic totally asymmetric exclusion process with various updates

This contribution introduces an element of “aggressiveness” into the Floor-Field based model with adaptive time-span. The aggressiveness is understood as an ability to win conflicts and push through the crowd. From experiments it is observed that this ability is not directly correlated with the desired velocity in the free flow regime. The influence of the aggressiveness is studied by means of the dependence of the travel time on the occupancy of a room. A simulation study shows that the conflict solution based on the aggressiveness parameter can mimic the observations from the experiment.

Advanced CA Crowd Models of Multiple Consecutive Bottlenecks

This contribution provides a microscopic experimental study of pedestrian motion in front of the bottleneck, and explains the high variance of individual travel time by the statistical analysis of trajectories. The analysis shows that this heterogeneity increases with increasing occupancy. Some participants were able to reach lower travel times due to more efficient path selection and more aggressive behaviour within the crowd. Based on this observations, a linear model predicting travel time with respect to the aggressiveness of pedestrian is proposed.

Cellular Model of Room Evacuation Based on Occupancy and Movement Prediction: Comparison with Experimental Study.

Abstract The totally asymmetric exclusion process (TASEP) with periodic boundaries is considered as traffic flow model. The large-L approximation of the stationary state is used for the derivation of the time-headway distribution (an important microscopic characteristic of traffic flow) for the model with generalized update (genTASEP) in both, forward- and backward-sequential representations. The usually used updates, fully-parallel and regular forward- and backward-sequential, are analyzed as special cases of the genTASEP. It is shown that only for those cases, the time-headway distribution is determined by the flow regardless to the density. The qualitative comparison of the results with traffic data demonstrates that the genTASEP with backward order and attractive interaction evinces similar properties of time-headway distribution as the real traffic sample.

Blind friendly latex: an option for adapting electronic documents containing mathematical text

Simulation results from two advanced CA based crowd dynamics models, namely Social Distances Model and Bonds Floor Field Model, are investigated using experimental data. Two experiments regarding pedestrian egress from simple network of rooms with multiple consecutive bottlenecks were conducted in Prague and Krakow. Simulation results comparison is the basis for discussion about models properties.