Pawana Kangtia

A new species of Tigriopus (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Harpacticidae) from Thailand with the description of its naupliar development

Both genders of Tigriopus thailandensis sp. nov. are described from a laboratory stock raised from individuals collected from the seaweed Enteromorpha clathrata in Thailand (Bangsaen Beach, Chonburi Province). Tigriopus thailandensis sp. nov. shares with its closest relative T. japonicus Mori, 1932 two setae on the third exopodal segment of leg 4 while other congeners bear 3 inner setae. However, allobasis and exopod of antenna in both genders are much more slender and elongate than in T. japonicus. All six naupliar stages of T. thailandensis are described from the offspring of isolated females. In comparison with nauplii of T. japonicus, T. thailandensis nauplii are characterized by the following: a smaller body size throughout the naupliar phase; first antennular segment without seta, second antennular segment with only one small seta plus two longer setae; third antennular segment with additional spinules from naupliar stage II onwards; antenna bears three small spinules on the terminal exopodal segment; one additional seta on the anterior surface of the antennary basis, tubular endopod of antenna with one tiny seta midlength at naupliar stage III that increases in size; mandibular basis with several spinules on anterior surface; mandibular coxa with one spinulose seta that is smooth in T. japonicus.

A new species of Longipedia Claus, 1863 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Longipediidae) from Caribbean mesophotic reefs with remarks on the phylogenetic affinities of Polyarthra

Abstract Mesophotic coral reefs are largely unexplored nearshore habitats. We present illustrations of both sexes of a new copepod species of the family Longipediidae Sars, 1903 collected via scuba-diving with tri-mix rebreathers from mesophotic coral reefs in Puerto Rico as an example of the rich fauna encountered in these habitats. The new species, Longipedia gonzalezi, displays a conservative morphology that characterizes the genus by having a robust body, first pedigers fused to the cephalosome, P4 exp-2 with only 1 medial seta, number of enp-1 medial setae of P1–P4 = 1:1:1:1, number of enp-2 medial setae of P1–P4 = 1:1:2:1, and caudal rami of cylindrical shape about twice as long as wide. The new species belongs to the helgolandica species-group and is morphologically similar to L. helgolandica and L. americana. Species distinction within the genus Longipedia based on morphological characters is challenging because of the conservative morphology of the genus, so we provide the first DNA sequences (28S gene) for future comparisons within the genus. The phylogenetic position of the Polyarthra (a taxon consisting of the families Longipediidae and Canuellidae, whose affinities with Harpacticoida have been questioned) is discussed within Copepoda and other Crustacea. The 28S DNA analysis confirms that Polyarthra are very closely related and are included in the strongly supported Copepoda clade. Polyarthra were not found within the Harpacticoida, which, therefore, remained not as a monophyletic, but as a paraphyletic taxon. Therefore, our 28S data indicate that the claim by Dahms and previous authors for the exclusion of Polyarthra from the Harpacticoida may be valid, and warrants further investigation. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:51728F35-A981-4E4A-BEE2-701ABCDBC123

Phylogenetic inferences of Tisbe Lilljeborg, 1853 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) with Tisbe thailandensis sp. nov. from Thailand

Tisbe thailandensis sp. nov. is described in particular detail from a laboratory stock raised from individuals collected from Bangsaen Beach, Thailand. The description has revealed the following autapomorphic characters: the spiniform terminal seta of P1 Enp III bears a spinule row on anterior face; the innermost seta carries at the outer tip a tuft of spinules; the outermost seta has along its outer border short but stiff spinules; there are large surface spinules on the anterior face of female P5 exp and baseoendopod and male P5 exp. A phylogenetic inference study provides a most parsimonious hypothesis of relationships. The branching pattern indicates that Tisbe thailandensis sp. nov. is the most underived taxon compared to the remaining Tisbe species analyzed here. It confirms that T. furcata shares several characters with a number of species that justifies uniting them in a T. furcata group. According to the present analysis, the furcata group contains the following species: T. bocqueti, T. furcata, T. variana, T. carolinensis, and T. bulbisetosa. The male dimorphic maxilliped and the long spinule at the tip of the middle (terminal) spiniform seta of the male P5 exp are no longer constitutive for the furcata group of species since they are present also in other species.

On the occurrence of a new species of benthic copepod, Zaus wonchoelleei (Harpacticoida, Harpacticidae), in a macroalgal habitat from Tongyong, Korea

Abstract The marine phytal zone has received little attention as yet as a habitat of associated and symbiotic crustaceans, particularly copepods. We describe here the female and male of a new harpacticoid copepod species Zaus wonchoelleei from the green alga Ulva sp. attached to aquaculture floats at Tongyeong Marine Living Resources Research and Conservation Center, Gyeongsangnamdo, Korea. The new species is closely related to Z. unisetosus recorded from Japan and Korea and Z. goodsiri by having one inner seta on leg 2 endopod but can be easily distinguished by the combination of the following characters: leg 2 enp-3 with only 1 inner seta, setation of leg 5 exopod, segmentation of antennule, and sexual dimorphism of leg 2 endopod. The detailed taxonomic description of the new species, Z. wonchoelleei, addresses the similarity and/or distinctiveness of species in the genus Zaus and contributes to the discussion of characters found useful to justify the separation of closely related species reported or being documented elsewhere.

A new species of Nitokra Boeck, 1865 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Ameiridae) from a brown alga in Thailand

Abstract Both sexes of a new species of Nitokra Boeck, 1865 were collected from a brown alga, Padina australis at Bangsaen sandy Beach in Chon Buri province, Thailand. Nitokra karanovici, sp. nov., is similar to many species of the genus in having a slender and cylindrical body shape, eight-segmented antennules in female and nine-segmented in male, exopod of female P5 with 5 setae; the new species shares the same armature formula of the swimming legs with the following six congeners: N. balli Rouch, 1972 from Long Island, Papua New Guinea; N. evergladensis Bruno, Reid & Perry, 2002 from Florida, U.S.A.; N. minor Willey, 1930 from Bermuda; N. minor mozambicae Wells, 1967 from Inhaca Island, Mozambique; N. platypus bakeri Chappuis, 1930 from the Philippines and Japan; and N. uenoi Miura, 1962 from Ryukyu Islands, Pacific. However, the new species can easily be distinguished from N. balli and N. uenoi by the number of setae on the female P5 Enp, and from N. evergladensis, N. minor and N. platypus bakeri by the much longer P1 Enp-1. Nitokra karanovici is most closely related to N. minor mozambicae, but it can be distinguished by the number of spinules on the anal operculum (6–7 in N. minor mozambicae and 11 in N. karanovici), and relative length of the P1 Enp-1 (slightly shorter in the new species). Therefore, we conclude that N. karanovici most resembles N. minor mozambicae as mentioned above.

Review of naupliar development among Miraciidae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) with a naupliar description of Paramphiascellachoi sp. nov. from Thailand

Both genders of Paramphiascella choi sp. nov. were collected from the green alga Enteromorpha clathrata in Rayong province, Thailand. P. choi shares with other species of the genus: cylindrical body shape, rostrum not bifid, eight-segmented antennules, three-segmented exopodal antenna, and female P5 exopod with five setae. The new species distinguished from other conspecific species by: three-segmented exopodal antenna, inner edge of basis of male P1 and P2 bear a bare ovate-knob each. Enp-1 very elongate, Enp-2 of male P2 transformed into a large, strong, slightly curved and tapering attenuation with two central chitinous ridges, and bearing one medially directed knob close to enp-1. At the base of this knob arise three plumose setae of unequal length. These characters are suggested to be autapomorphies of the new species. Six naupliar stages are obtained and described a key for the identification of stages is provided. Nauplius I has one pair of caudal setae; three-segmented antennules; antenna consists of a coxa, basis, endopod and exopod; mandible has a coxa, basis, endopod and exopod; hindbody bears two caudal setae. Nauplius II develops one aesthetasc on the antennule; antenna has added an arthrite arising from the coxa; mandible has a row of tiny spinulose setae. Nauplius III has added two pairs of caudal setae. Nauplius IV bears bilobed bud of the maxillule armed with two setae and four pairs of caudal setae. Nauplius V bears a multilobed bud of the maxillule with three setae and five pairs of caudal setae. At Nauplius VI, the buds of swimming legs 1 and 2 are added.

Two new Asian species of the genus Scottolana Huys, 2009 (Copepoda: Canuelloida: Canuellidae)

Two new species of the family Canuellidae Lang, 1944, Scottolana jasani sp. nov. collected from Gusipo Beach, Korea and S. huysi sp. nov. from Kata Beach, Phuket Island, Thailand, are described. So far 14 species are currently known in the genus, of which only two, S. bulbifera from Russia, China, and Korea, and S. geei from China, have been reported from Asia. The new species, Scottolana jasani sp. nov. and S. huysi sp. nov., belong to the longipes-group, defined by the presence of two postgenital segments in the female, and caudal ramus with a proximal hook-like inner projection. Scottolana jasani sp. nov. closely resembles S. geei. However, it is easily distinguished by the following characters: (1) number of segments of antennal exopod (8 in the new species, but 9 in S. geei); (2) setae I, and II of caudal ramus; (3) shape of genital field in both sexes; (4) segmentation of mandibular exopod; and (5) spinular ornamentation of endopod-2 in P1. Scottolana huysi sp. nov. is also closely related to S. geei. However, it is unique and different from S. geei by (1) indistinctly 4-segmented antennule in the female; (2) 5-segmented male antennule; (3) larger genital field in female; (4) inner long seta on P4 coxa; and (5) the morphology of caudal seta II, being long and plumose, with a bulbiform base in the female only. www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:33BFE1A2-8C95-4A9D-9E7A-B495CEEC3182

Description of a new species of the genus Peltidium Philippi, 1839 from southern Korea (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) - with a review of the genus

Abstract Peltidium byungwooi sp. nov. is described in morphological detail from samples collected from the macroalgal beds on rocky bottoms using a light trap from Yeoseodo Island, Korea. Our studies revealed the following morphological diagnostic characters: body strongly chitinized and dorsoventrally flattened; antennule 7-segmented; antenna with allobasis, exopod 2-segmented, bearing one and three setae, respectively; allobasis of maxilla bilobed, drawn out into a small claw with two accessory setae; endopod represented by a small protuberance bearing one seta; swimming legs P2–P4 exp-3 with two outer spines; P2 enp-1 without inner seta; P3 enp-3 with two inner setae; inner endopodal lobe of female P5 with very short outer seta (about 5.4 times shorter than inner one, 3.6 times in male); male P2 enp-3 bearing modified inner distal spine with blunt tip. Phylogenetic, zoogeographic, biological, and ecological characteristics of the family Peltidiidae are reviewed for the genus Peltidium. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:765492B8-73DF-4650-BDFA-71C73BBD7600

A review of naupliar development within the Harpacticidae, with naupliar description of Zaus wonchoelleei Kangtia, Dahms, Song, Myoung, Park & Khim, 2014 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida)

All six naupliar stages of the harpacticoid copepod Zaus wonchoelleei Kangtia, Dahms, Song, Myoung, Park & Khim, 2014 are described. A key for the identification of the naupliar stages is provided. Stages can be distinguished by number of segments of the exopod of antenna 2, setation of the limbs including the bud of the caudal ramus, and presence and setation of the bud of maxilla 1. In phylogenetic reconstructions there are several characters which link two taxa of different harpacticoid groups, the Harpacticidae of Exanechentera and the Thalestridae of Podogennonta. The Harpacticidae and the free-living genera of the Thalestridae develop from a 3-segmented naupliar antennular precursor in Harpacticidae and a 1-segmented antennule in Thalestridae to a 6-segmented antennule at copepodid I. Both families also share a single, stout spine terminally on the inner process of the mandibular naupliar endopodite which is unique for harpacticoid nauplii. A peculiar medial bifid seta on the antennal basis at nauplius I and II is also unique. This seta is replaced by a medial seta of the coxa at nauplius III, which has the same structure as the aforementioned set which gets reduced.

Naupliar development of Nitocra karanovici (Copepoda, Harpacticoida)

Abstract All six naupliar stages of the harpacticoid copepod Nitocra karanovici are described. A key to the identification of the naupliar stages is provided. Stages can be distinguished by number of segments of the exopod of antenna 2, setation of the limbs including the bud of the caudal ramus, and presence and setation of the bud of maxilla 1. A particular naupliar character was found in the nauplii of N. karanovici that is in common for all Ameiridimorpha, except Ameiridae and otherwise not known from other Harpacticoida. This is a pair of bean-shaped, bare medial cuticular areas of the ventral body wall present in Parastenocarididae, Cylindropsyllidae, and as in Canthocamptus, Attheyella, Moraria, and Mesochra of the Canthocamptidae.