Pedro Henrique Batista de Freitas

Esquizofrenia refratária: qualidade de vida e fatores associados

Objective To analyze the quality of life of people with refractory schizophrenia using clozapine, and its associated factors. Methods A cross-sectional study, conducted in the extended western region of Minas Gerais, which included patients with refractory schizophrenia using the antipsychotic, clozapine. For the measurement of quality of life, the Quality of Life Scale was used, specific for patients with schizophrenia. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results A total of 72 patients with a mean age of 42.9 years was part of the study. The overall score of the Quality of Life Scale indicated compromised quality of life, with a greater impairment in the social network domain (median = 2.36). The logistic regression analysis showed factors associated with a better quality of life. Conclusion Low quality of life in patients with refractory schizophrenia was found. Physical activity, family income over three times the minimum wage, and having children were associated with a better quality of life.

Prevalencia de polimorfismos en los genes ANKK1, DRD2, DRD3 y síndrome metabólico en la esquizofrenia refractária

Objetivo: estimar a prevalencia dos polimorfismos TaqIA, -141C e rs6280 dos genes ANKK1, DRD2 e DRD3 e avaliar sua associacao com a ocorrencia de sindrome metabolica em pacientes com esquizofrenia refrataria. Metodo: estudo de delineamento transversal, realizado na Regiao Ampliada Oeste de Minas Gerais, que incluiu pacientes com esquizofrenia refrataria em uso do antipsicotico clozapina. Foram coletados dados sociodemograficos, clinicos, antropometricos, bioquimicos e geneticos. Realizou-se analise univariada dos dados. Resultados: participaram 72 pacientes e observou-se a ocorrencia de Sindrome Metabolica em 47,2%, nao sendo encontrada associacao da Sindrome Metabolica com os polimorfismos estudados. Houve diferenca estatisticamente significante com o parâmetro do baixo HDL com genotipo homozigoto para alelo C do polimorfismo -141C do gene DRD2. Conclusao: evidenciou-se prevalencia de SM elevada. O polimorfismo -141C associou-se ao baixo HDL. A analise genetica e a identificacao de alteracoes metabolicas, neste grupo de pacientes, podem nortear o tratamento medicamentoso e propiciar melhor qualidade de vida.ABSTRACT Objective: to estimate the prevalence of TaqIA, -141C and rs6280 polymorphisms of the ANKK1, DRD2 and DRD3 genes and evaluate their association with the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in patients with refractory schizophrenia. Method: cross-sectional study conducted in the Extended Western Region of Minas Gerais, with refractory schizophrenic patients using the antipsychotic clozapine. Sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric, biochemical and genetic data were collected. Univariate analysis of the data was performed. Results: seventy-two patients participated in the study and the occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome was observed in 47.2% of them. There was no association between Metabolic Syndrome and the studied polymorphisms. There was a statistically significant difference in the low HDL parameter with homozygous genotype for the C allele of the -141C polymorphism of the DRD2 gene. Conclusion: a high prevalence of MS was evidenced. The -141C polymorphism was associated with low HDL. Genetic analysis and identification of metabolic alterations in this group of patients can guide drug treatment and provide a better quality of life.

Prevalence of polymorphisms in the ANKK1, DRD2, DRD3 genes and metabolic syndrome in refractory schizophrenia

Objetivo: estimar a prevalencia dos polimorfismos TaqIA, -141C e rs6280 dos genes ANKK1, DRD2 e DRD3 e avaliar sua associacao com a ocorrencia de sindrome metabolica em pacientes com esquizofrenia refrataria. Metodo: estudo de delineamento transversal, realizado na Regiao Ampliada Oeste de Minas Gerais, que incluiu pacientes com esquizofrenia refrataria em uso do antipsicotico clozapina. Foram coletados dados sociodemograficos, clinicos, antropometricos, bioquimicos e geneticos. Realizou-se analise univariada dos dados. Resultados: participaram 72 pacientes e observou-se a ocorrencia de Sindrome Metabolica em 47,2%, nao sendo encontrada associacao da Sindrome Metabolica com os polimorfismos estudados. Houve diferenca estatisticamente significante com o parâmetro do baixo HDL com genotipo homozigoto para alelo C do polimorfismo -141C do gene DRD2. Conclusao: evidenciou-se prevalencia de SM elevada. O polimorfismo -141C associou-se ao baixo HDL. A analise genetica e a identificacao de alteracoes metabolicas, neste grupo de pacientes, podem nortear o tratamento medicamentoso e propiciar melhor qualidade de vida.ABSTRACT Objective: to estimate the prevalence of TaqIA, -141C and rs6280 polymorphisms of the ANKK1, DRD2 and DRD3 genes and evaluate their association with the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in patients with refractory schizophrenia. Method: cross-sectional study conducted in the Extended Western Region of Minas Gerais, with refractory schizophrenic patients using the antipsychotic clozapine. Sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric, biochemical and genetic data were collected. Univariate analysis of the data was performed. Results: seventy-two patients participated in the study and the occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome was observed in 47.2% of them. There was no association between Metabolic Syndrome and the studied polymorphisms. There was a statistically significant difference in the low HDL parameter with homozygous genotype for the C allele of the -141C polymorphism of the DRD2 gene. Conclusion: a high prevalence of MS was evidenced. The -141C polymorphism was associated with low HDL. Genetic analysis and identification of metabolic alterations in this group of patients can guide drug treatment and provide a better quality of life.

Prevalência de polimorfismos nos genes ANKK1, DRD2, DRD3 e síndrome metabólica na esquizofrenia refratária

Objetivo: estimar a prevalencia dos polimorfismos TaqIA, -141C e rs6280 dos genes ANKK1, DRD2 e DRD3 e avaliar sua associacao com a ocorrencia de sindrome metabolica em pacientes com esquizofrenia refrataria. Metodo: estudo de delineamento transversal, realizado na Regiao Ampliada Oeste de Minas Gerais, que incluiu pacientes com esquizofrenia refrataria em uso do antipsicotico clozapina. Foram coletados dados sociodemograficos, clinicos, antropometricos, bioquimicos e geneticos. Realizou-se analise univariada dos dados. Resultados: participaram 72 pacientes e observou-se a ocorrencia de Sindrome Metabolica em 47,2%, nao sendo encontrada associacao da Sindrome Metabolica com os polimorfismos estudados. Houve diferenca estatisticamente significante com o parâmetro do baixo HDL com genotipo homozigoto para alelo C do polimorfismo -141C do gene DRD2. Conclusao: evidenciou-se prevalencia de SM elevada. O polimorfismo -141C associou-se ao baixo HDL. A analise genetica e a identificacao de alteracoes metabolicas, neste grupo de pacientes, podem nortear o tratamento medicamentoso e propiciar melhor qualidade de vida.ABSTRACT Objective: to estimate the prevalence of TaqIA, -141C and rs6280 polymorphisms of the ANKK1, DRD2 and DRD3 genes and evaluate their association with the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in patients with refractory schizophrenia. Method: cross-sectional study conducted in the Extended Western Region of Minas Gerais, with refractory schizophrenic patients using the antipsychotic clozapine. Sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric, biochemical and genetic data were collected. Univariate analysis of the data was performed. Results: seventy-two patients participated in the study and the occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome was observed in 47.2% of them. There was no association between Metabolic Syndrome and the studied polymorphisms. There was a statistically significant difference in the low HDL parameter with homozygous genotype for the C allele of the -141C polymorphism of the DRD2 gene. Conclusion: a high prevalence of MS was evidenced. The -141C polymorphism was associated with low HDL. Genetic analysis and identification of metabolic alterations in this group of patients can guide drug treatment and provide a better quality of life.

PREVALENCIA DE SÍNDROME METABÓLICO EN PACIENTES CON ESQUIZOFRENIA REFRACTARIA

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and its associated factors in patients with refractory schizophrenia using the antipsychotic clozapine. Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the extended western region of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil, in 2015, using a sample of 72 patients. We collected sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric and biochemical data and conducted descriptive univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: We verified the prevalence of MS in 47.2% of the sample, with a greater predominance among women (58.8%). Patients with MS showed higher change values, especially in relation to blood glucose and triglycerides. The use of four or more medications and the presence of overweight and obesity were associated with MS. In addition, patients with the syndrome had fewer cases of psychiatric hospitalizations than those who did not have it. Conclusion: High and alarming levels of MS prevalence were found in patients with refractory schizophrenia. The presence of overweight and obesity and the use of 4 or more medications may be associated with the development of the MS in this group. These levels could represent an important indicator of cardiovascular risk, which raises the need to develop strategies for primary prevention of metabolic alterations, and highlights the importance of a periodical monitoring of the patient, especially regarding the components of the MS.Objective: To estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and its associated factors in patients with refractory schizophrenia using the antipsychotic clozapine. Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the extended western region of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil, in 2015, using a sample of 72 patients. We collected sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric and biochemical data and conducted descriptive univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: We verified the prevalence of MS in 47.2% of the sample, with a greater predominance among women (58.8%). Patients with MS showed higher change values, especially in relation to blood glucose and triglycerides. The use of four or more medications and the presence of overweight and obesity were associated with MS. In addition, patients with the syndrome had fewer cases of psychiatric hospitalizations than those who did not have it. Conclusion: High and alarming levels of MS prevalence were found in patients with refractory schizophrenia. The presence of overweight and obesity and the use of 4 or more medications may be associated with the development of the MS in this group. These levels could represent an important indicator of cardiovascular risk, which raises the need to develop strategies for primary prevention of metabolic alterations, and highlights the importance of a periodical monitoring of the patient, especially regarding the components of the MS.

PREVALÊNCIA DE SÍNDROME METABÓLICA EM PACIENTES COM ESQUIZOFRENIA REFRATÁRIA

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and its associated factors in patients with refractory schizophrenia using the antipsychotic clozapine. Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the extended western region of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil, in 2015, using a sample of 72 patients. We collected sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric and biochemical data and conducted descriptive univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: We verified the prevalence of MS in 47.2% of the sample, with a greater predominance among women (58.8%). Patients with MS showed higher change values, especially in relation to blood glucose and triglycerides. The use of four or more medications and the presence of overweight and obesity were associated with MS. In addition, patients with the syndrome had fewer cases of psychiatric hospitalizations than those who did not have it. Conclusion: High and alarming levels of MS prevalence were found in patients with refractory schizophrenia. The presence of overweight and obesity and the use of 4 or more medications may be associated with the development of the MS in this group. These levels could represent an important indicator of cardiovascular risk, which raises the need to develop strategies for primary prevention of metabolic alterations, and highlights the importance of a periodical monitoring of the patient, especially regarding the components of the MS.Objective: To estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and its associated factors in patients with refractory schizophrenia using the antipsychotic clozapine. Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the extended western region of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil, in 2015, using a sample of 72 patients. We collected sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric and biochemical data and conducted descriptive univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: We verified the prevalence of MS in 47.2% of the sample, with a greater predominance among women (58.8%). Patients with MS showed higher change values, especially in relation to blood glucose and triglycerides. The use of four or more medications and the presence of overweight and obesity were associated with MS. In addition, patients with the syndrome had fewer cases of psychiatric hospitalizations than those who did not have it. Conclusion: High and alarming levels of MS prevalence were found in patients with refractory schizophrenia. The presence of overweight and obesity and the use of 4 or more medications may be associated with the development of the MS in this group. These levels could represent an important indicator of cardiovascular risk, which raises the need to develop strategies for primary prevention of metabolic alterations, and highlights the importance of a periodical monitoring of the patient, especially regarding the components of the MS.

METABOLIC SYNDROME PREVALENCE IN PATIENTS WITH REFRACTORY SCHIZOPHRENIA

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and its associated factors in patients with refractory schizophrenia using the antipsychotic clozapine. Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the extended western region of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil, in 2015, using a sample of 72 patients. We collected sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric and biochemical data and conducted descriptive univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: We verified the prevalence of MS in 47.2% of the sample, with a greater predominance among women (58.8%). Patients with MS showed higher change values, especially in relation to blood glucose and triglycerides. The use of four or more medications and the presence of overweight and obesity were associated with MS. In addition, patients with the syndrome had fewer cases of psychiatric hospitalizations than those who did not have it. Conclusion: High and alarming levels of MS prevalence were found in patients with refractory schizophrenia. The presence of overweight and obesity and the use of 4 or more medications may be associated with the development of the MS in this group. These levels could represent an important indicator of cardiovascular risk, which raises the need to develop strategies for primary prevention of metabolic alterations, and highlights the importance of a periodical monitoring of the patient, especially regarding the components of the MS.Objective: To estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and its associated factors in patients with refractory schizophrenia using the antipsychotic clozapine. Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the extended western region of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil, in 2015, using a sample of 72 patients. We collected sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric and biochemical data and conducted descriptive univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: We verified the prevalence of MS in 47.2% of the sample, with a greater predominance among women (58.8%). Patients with MS showed higher change values, especially in relation to blood glucose and triglycerides. The use of four or more medications and the presence of overweight and obesity were associated with MS. In addition, patients with the syndrome had fewer cases of psychiatric hospitalizations than those who did not have it. Conclusion: High and alarming levels of MS prevalence were found in patients with refractory schizophrenia. The presence of overweight and obesity and the use of 4 or more medications may be associated with the development of the MS in this group. These levels could represent an important indicator of cardiovascular risk, which raises the need to develop strategies for primary prevention of metabolic alterations, and highlights the importance of a periodical monitoring of the patient, especially regarding the components of the MS.