Pedro Herskovic L

Aprendizaje del razonamiento clínico por reconocimiento de patrón, en seminarios de casos clínicos prototipos, por estudiantes de tercer año de medicina

BACKGROUND Clinical reasoning is the most important competente in the training process of a physician. AIM To develop a method for teaching clinical reasoning based on prototypes of clinical cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted on sixty-four third year medical students. The study and control groups attended lectures and tutorial sessions with patients. The study group attended additionally discussion seminars of prototypical clinical cases. A clinical reasoning test was applied at the start and end of the learning period to both groups. At the end of the study, the opinions of students of the study group were collected in a focus group. RESULTS After the learning period, both groups significantly increased their clinical reasoning skills. However, the improvement in the study group was more than double than that of the control group. The absolute improvement in the study group was 30.9%. Students interviewed in the focus group were unanimous in expressing their satisfaction in each and every aspect discussed. CONCLUSIONS The teaching of clinical reasoning to third year medical students by means of pattern recognition in seminars with clinical cases improved significantly their skills.Background: Clinical reasoning is the most important competente in the training process of a physician. Aim: To develop a method for teaching clinical reasoning based on prototypes of clinical cases. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on sixty-four third year medical students. The study and control groups attended lectures and tutorial sessions with patients. The study group attended additionally discussion seminars of prototypical clinical cases. A clinical reasoning test was applied at the start and end of the learning period to both groups. At the end of the study, the opinions of students of the study group were collected in afocus group. Results: After the learning period, both groups significantly increased their clinical reasoning skills. However, the improvement in the study group was more than double than that ofthe control group. The absolute improvement in the study group was 30.9%. Students interviewed in the focus group were unanimous in expressing their satisfaction in each and every aspect discussed. Conclusions: The teaching of clinical reasoning to third year medical students by means of pattern recognition in seminars with clinical cases improved significantly their skills.

Perfil de características ideales del docente de postgrado de pediatría

Introduccion: Las caracteristicas ideales del docente de postgrado de pediatria de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile no estan definidas. Objetivo: Determinar estas caracteristicas a partir de las percepciones de sus integrantes. Metodologia: Investigacion cualitativa. En el Campus Oriente se realizo grupos focales de docentes, egresados y alumnos de Programa de Titulo de Especialista en Pediatria y entrevistas en profundidad a tres autoridades. Con este perfil elaborado se entrevisto a los directores de Departamento de Pediatria de los restantes Campus para su validacion. Resultados: Se elaboro un perfil docente diferenciando su rol como persona (comprometido, responsable, honesto, respetuoso, tolerante, acogedor, empatico, asertivo, lider, modelo a seguir y capaz de mantener buenas relaciones interpersonales), como profesor (formado en docencia, planificador, evaluador, con tiempo protegido para la docencia, con capacidades de autoevaluacion y de autorreflexion, facilitador del aprendizaje, motivador, propiciador de un clima que facilite el aprendizaje, comunicador, con vocacion, exigente, accesible, conocedor y utilizador de nuevas tecnologias y con capacidad de revisar el proceso docente) y como clinico (experto en su disciplina, actualizado, investigador, identificado y comprometido con la institucion, capaz de trabajar en equipo). Conclusiones: Se construyo un perfil ideal del docente de postgrado de pediatria.

Recuperación fecal de Rotavirus y otros enteropatógenos en lactantes menores de un año con diarrea aguda

RESUMEN Se midio la recuperacion recal de rotavinis, en-terobacterias Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichiacoli (serotipos clasicos e invasivos), y enteropara-sitos en los lactantes menores de un ano que sehozpitalizaron con diagnostico de diarrea agudaen el Hospital Calvo Mackenna durante el invier-no 1980 (Periodo I, N = 40) y durante el verano1980-81 (Periodo II, N = 38). Se obtuvo 10% y5.3% de recuperacion fecal del virus en los Perio-dos I y II respectivamente. La deteccion de lasenterobacterias mencionadas fue 38.5% y 60.5%en los dos periodos de estudio. No se detectoGiardia lamblia y se encontro un caso que excre-taba entamoeba histolitica (Periodo II). Las carac-teristicas clinicas de la diarrea presentada por lospacientes en que se pesquiso rotavirus rue seme-jante a la descrita en la literatura y no permitiodiferenciar a estos sujetos de aquellos en que seidentifico bacterias enteropatogenas en sus depo-siciones. REFEKENCIAS L Bishop RE, Davidson G.P., Holmes I.H., Ruck BJ. Vims parti-cles in epithelial celU of duodenal m ucosa from fhidren withiicute non-bacterial ^stroenteritis. Lancet II, 12S1-I2.S3,1973.