Pedro Jacinto Cruz

Análise de trilha para os componentes de rendimento de grãos em trigo

The purpose of this work was to estimate the effect of the ear number per plant, number of seeds per ear, seed weight, size of the ear and spikiest number per ear in relation to the grain yield through its correlation coefficients and its decomposition by the path analysis. The genotypes were obtained through the advances generation in the years from 1999 to 2001, using two sowing dates per year, in the warm and cold season, in the field and in green-house conditions, at the Federal University of Pelotas, RS. The experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with five replications. The characters spikiest number for spike and hectoliter weight were identified by the path analysis, as being the one of high potentiality for selection of superior genetic constitutions for seed yield seeds.

Enchimento de sementes em linhas quase-isogênicas de trigo com presença e ausência do caráter "stay-green"

The stay-green trait has been used as an alternative to reduce the senescence in wheat, resulting in an effective functional increase of the leaf area, and an increase in the rate and duration of the seed filling period. The objective of this work was to analyse the rate of dry matter accumulation and the duration of the seed filling period of near-isogenic lines of wheat differentiated by the presence and absence of the stay-green trait. The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Center of Palma, in Pelotas, State of Rio Grande do Sul, in Brazil. Four near-isogenic lines were used: F6-SG and F6-SZ in the year of 2000 and F7-SG and F7-SZ in the year 2001, with five replications. The stay-green trait allowed a higher deposition of plant reserves in the seed, during the phase close to the point of physiological maturity. The duration of the seed filling period in the evaluated genotypes was associated to the dry matter accumulation in the seed. Promoting a larger weight is a trait responsible for the selection of genotypes with high rates of seed filling.

Dissimilaridade genética entre genótipos de aveia

Dezoito genotipos de aveia foram testados quanto a dissimilaridade genetica, com e sem o controle de molestias da parte aerea. As variaveis avaliadas foram rendimento de graos desaristados, peso de mil graos, peso do hectolitro, estatura de planta e dias da emergencia a floracao. Foram empregados analises por variaveis canonicas e tecnicas de agrupamento por meio dos metodos de otimizacao de Tocher e o metodo hierarquico do vizinho mais proximo, tendo como medida de dissimilaridade a distância generalizada de Mahalanobis. Pelos resultados, constatou-se significativa dissimilaridade genetica entre os genotipos, indicando a existencia de variabilidade para os caracteres avaliados. O metodo de Tocher e o metodo do vizinho mais proximo permitiram a separacao dos genotipos em grupos distintos, possibilitando a identificacao de futuros genitores que possam ser utilizados em cruzamentos artificiais que produzam progenies com maior heterose. Os caracteres que mais contribuiram para a dissimilaridade genetica foram o peso do hectolitro e a estatura de planta.

Divergência genética em feijão-caupi

This work aimed to evaluate the genetic divergence among cowpea genotypes, for selection of most divergent genotypes and of highest yield potential as parents in crossings as well as for future recommendation of cultivars in the reconcave region in Bahia, Brazil. The experiment was carried out Agronomy School of Universidade Federal da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, State of Bahia, using twenty two erect cowpea and twenty semi-erect cowpea genotypes, in a randomized design, with four replications. The following characters were analyzed: plant height, pod length, pod weight, grain weight for pod, number of grains for pod, weight of hundred grains, grain index, pod yield and grain yield. The genetic divergence was obtained by means of the Mahalanobis generalized distance. New genetic combinations can appear in the crossings among the TE97-309G-1, TE97-367G-3, TE97-367G-11 climbing genotype and TE97-430G-12 and TE97-321G-4 and TE97-404-1E-1 semi-erect genotypes. The selection of the climbing genotypes TE93-244-23F-1, TE97-299G-10 and BR 17-Gurgueia and the TE97-321G-4, TE97-406-2E, TE96-282-22G and EV x 91-2E-1 semi-erect genotypes demonstrated superiority for grain yield. Pod length, weight and yield characters are ones that contribute most to the genetic divergence.

Composição de subunidades de gluteninas de alto peso molecular (HMW) em trigos portadores do caráter "stay-green"

The objective of this work was evaluate stay-green trait behavior in wheat plants as bread-making quality through eletrophoretic standars of this proteins and phenotypic Pearson correlation among adaptatives caracters as head-date and plant stature, coloration (stay-green) and proteic scores. The experiment was driven in field conditions and laboratory in the years of 1999 and 2000. The trait stay-green expressed in the appraised genotypes showed high correlation with the proteic scores obtained through the eletrophoretic analysis of this subunits could be suggested as parameter to select superior plants for glutenins and consequently with larger bread-making quality.

Toxicidade do alumínio e efeito do ácido giberélico em linhas quase isogênicas de trigo com o caráter permanência verde e maturação sincronizada

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar linhas quase isogenicas de trigo com o carater permanencia verde e de maturacao sincronizada quanto a tolerância ao aluminio e a sensibilidade ao acido giberelico (AG3). O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratorio de Duplo-haploides e Hidroponia da FAEM/UFPel, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas com tres repeticoes, atraves do teste simultâneo utilizando solucao nutritiva com concentracoes de 10mg L-1 de Al3+ e 100mg L-1 de AG3. Foram determinados: a insercao da 1a folha, o comprimento da 1a folha, a insercao da 2a folha, comprimento da 2a folha, diferenca da insercao entre a 1a e 2a folha, estatura de plântula, estatura de planta, area foliar, area radicular e o crescimento de raiz. Os caracteres estatura da plântula, insercao da 1a folha e comprimento da 2a folha foram os mais expressivos para a selecao de individuos com estatura reduzida atraves da reacao do AG3. O grupo do carater permanencia verde apresentou maior insensibilidade a acao do AG3, enquanto o grupo de plantas sincronizadas proporcionou maior tolerância ao Al3+. Contudo, existe possibilidade de selecionar linhas quase isogenicas dentro do grupo permanencia verde com tolerância ao Al3+ e insensibilidade ao AG3 atraves da tecnica de cultivo hidroponico com solucao nutritiva em ambiente controlado.