Pei-Chun Lee

Mapping knowledge structure by keyword co-occurrence: a first look at journal papers in Technology Foresight

This study proposes an approach for visualizing a knowledge structure, the proposed approach creates a three-dimensional “Research focused parallelship network”, a “Keyword Co-occurrence Network”, and a two-dimensional knowledge map to facilitate visualization of the knowledge structure created by journal papers from different perspectives. The networks and knowledge maps can be depicted differently by choosing different information as the network actor, e.g. author, institute or country keyword, to reflect knowledge structures in micro-, meso-, and macro-levels, respectively. Technology Foresight is selected as an example to illustrate the method proposed in this study. A total of 556 author keywords contained in 181 Technology Foresight related papers have been analyzed. European countries, China, India and Brazil are located at the core of Technology Foresight research. Quantitative ways of mapping journal papers are investigated in this study to unveil emerging elements as well as to demonstrate dynamics and visualization of knowledge. The quantitative method provided in this paper shows a possible way of visualizing and evaluating knowledge structure; thus a computerized calculation is possible for potential quantitative applications, e.g. R&D resource allocation, research performance evaluation, science map, etc.

Quantitative mapping of patented technology — The case of electrical conducting polymer nanocomposite

Abstract This study aims to obtain global technology evolution by constructing and analyzing patent citation network and patent citation map for the field of electrical conducting polymer nanocomposite. A total of 1421 patents are retrieved from USPTO patent database and patent citation network is established by combing both patent citation and social network analysis. Network properties, e.g. Degree Centrality, Betweenness Centrality, and Closeness Centrality, are calculated for representing several technology evolution mechanisms that first proposed in this study. Also, a distance-based patent citation map is constructed by calculating relative distances and positions of patents in the patent citation network. Quantitative ways of exploring technology evolution are investigated in this study to unveil important or emerging techniques as well as to demonstrate dynamics and visualization of technology evolutions.

Investigating the Structure of Regional Innovation System Research through Keyword Co-occurrence and Social Network Analysis

Abstract Research on regional innovation systems (RIS) has evolved into a widely used analytical framework generating the empirical foundation for innovation policy making. The purpose of this research is to shed light on network-based author keyword analysis by integrating social network analysis and bibliometric analysis on the development of RIS research. A total of 432 papers belonging to 36 countries, 276 research institutes, and comprising 1165 keywords, are retrieved from the Web of Science databases for network construction and analysis. The obtained network in this study is capable of providing visual and quantitative insights into the publication trends or knowledge evolution of RIS. Network actors chosen in this study include country, research institute, first author, and keywords. These constitute four types of networks defined in this study: three research focus parallelship (REP) networks (REP-country network, REP-institute network, REP-author network) and one keyword co-occurrence (KCO) network.

Patent litigation precaution method: analyzing characteristics of US litigated and non-litigated patents from 1976 to 2010

This study aims to propose an early precaution method which allows predicting probability of patent infringement as well as evaluating patent value. To obtain the purposes, a large-scale analysis on both litigated patents and non-litigated patents issued between 1976 and 2010 by USPTO are conducted. The holistic scale analysis on the two types of patents (3,878,852 non-litigated patents and 31,992 litigated patents in total) issued by USPTO from 1976 to 2010 has not been conducted in literatures and need to be investigated to allow patent researchers to understand the overall picture of the USPTO patents. Also, by comparing characteristics of all litigated patents to that of non-litigated patents, a precaution method for patent litigation can be obtained. Both litigated patents and non-litigated patents are analyzed to understand the differences between the two types of patents in terms of different variables. It is found that there are statistically significant differences for the two types of patents in the following 11 variables: (1) No. of Assignee, (2) No. of Assignee Country, (3) No. of Inventor, (4) Inventor Country, (5) No. of Patent Reference, (6) No. of Patent Citation Received, (7) No. of IPC, (8) No. of UPC, (9) No. of Claim, (10) No. of Non-Patent Reference, and (11) No. of Foreign Reference. Finally, logistic regression is used for predicting the probability of occurrence of a patent litigation by fitting the 11 characteristics of 3,910,844 USPTO patents to a logistic function curve.

Quantitative mapping of scientific research—The case of electrical conducting polymer nanocomposite

Abstract This study aims to understand knowledge structure both quantitatively and visually by integrating keyword analysis and social network analysis of scientific papers. The methodology proposed in this study is capable of creating a three-dimensional “Research focus parallelship network” and a “Keyword Co-occurrence Network”, together with a two-dimensional knowledge map. The network and knowledge map can be depicted differently by choosing different information for the network actor, i.e. country, institute, paper and keyword, to reflect knowledge structures from macro, to meso, to micro-levels. A total of 223 highly cited papers published by 142 institutes and 26 countries are analyzed in this study. China and the US are the two countries located at the core of knowledge structure and China is ranked no. 1. This quantitative exploration provides a way to unveil important or emerging components in scientific development and also to visualize knowledge; thus an objective evaluation of scientific research is possible for quantitative technology management.

Framing the structure of global open innovation research

Abstract This study proposes a way of mapping open innovation research structure by quantitatively analyzing open innovation research papers retrieved from Web of Science database. A total of 130 papers are retrieved in this study and 62 papers which contain keywords are chosen for research structure visualization. Open innovation research networks are quantitatively investigated by combining network theory and keyword co-occurrence. Contour maps of open innovation are also created on the basis of networks for visualization. The networks and contour maps can be expressed differently by choosing different information as the main actors, such as the paper author, the institute, the country or the author-keywords, to reflect open innovation research structures in micro, meso, and macro-levels, respectively. The quantitative ways of exploring open innovation research structure are investigated to unveil important or emerging open innovation components as well as to demonstrate visualization of the structure of global open innovation research. The quantitative method provided in this project shows a possible way of visualizing and evaluating research community structure and thus a computerized calculation is possible for potential quantitative applications on open innovation research management, e.g. R&D resource allocation, research performance evaluation, and science map.

Assessment of ontology-based knowledge network formation by Vector-Space Model

This study proposes an empirical way for determining probability of network tie formation between network actors. In social network analysis, it is a usual problem that information for determining whether or not a network tie should be formed is missing for some network actors, and thus network can only be partially constructed due to unavailability of information. This methodology proposed in this study is based on network actors’ similarities calculations by Vector-Space Model to calculate how possible network ties can be formed. Also, a threshold value of similarity for deciding whether or not a network tie should be generated is suggested in this study. Four ontology-based knowledge networks, with journal paper or research project as network actors, constructed previously are selected as the targets of this empirical study: (1) Technology Foresight Paper Network: 181 papers and 547 keywords, (2) Regional Innovation System Paper Network: 431 papers and 1165 keywords, (3) Global Sci-Tech Policy Paper Network: 548 papers and 1705 keywords, (4) Taiwan’s Sci-Tech Policy Project Network: 143 research projects and 213 keywords. The four empirical investigations allow a cut-off threshold value calculated by Vector-Space Model to be suggested for deciding the formation of network ties when network linkage information is unavailable.

Knowledge map of publications in research policy

Research Policy as a leading journal among others in the fields of social science, plays as an important platform for policy researchers to have their research results published, documented and shared internationally. This study uses Research Policy as a window or an indicator to understand overview of global Sci-Tech and Innovation Policy/Management researches, as well as unveil how papers in Research Policy are correlated to each other and how quantitative technology management can be possibly obtained. This study positions research foci in Research Policy by keyword-based network analysis. A keyword-based network which is also named as “research focus parallelship network” can be visually obtained and network properties, e.g. degree centrality, betweenness centrality, closeness centrality, can be calculated. The keyword-based network can be depicted differently to reflect its research focus parallelship as well as knowledge linkage implication by choosing different information as network actors such as keyword, first author, institute, or country. Totally 2014 keywords contained in 934 papers published in Research Policy in the period of 1998–2008.

Foresight on Taiwan nanotechnology industry in 2020

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to create a vision and obtain a consensus on Taiwans nanotechnology industry in three dimensions (the 2007 situation, the RD the maturation time of most techniques will be 2010‐2015; Nanocomposite Material Technique, Nano Optoelectronic and Optical Communication, and Nano Storage show relatively high competitiveness. Self‐R&D and Technology introduced from overseas are the major development methods in 2020.Practical implications – The paper is of interest to foresight practitioners and policy makers at the industri...

How to analyze technology life cycle from the perspective of patent characteristics

There has been a good deal of studies investigating technology life cycle by measuring patent activity indicators, especially patent applications. As for four main stages of technology life cycle, there is consensus on the interpretation of technology evolution depicted as a S-shaped curve. For measuring market value of a patent, there have been a lot of empirical studies that test patent indicators concerning their appropriability as predictors of monetary patent value. This study aims to observe technology life cycle form the perspective of dynamics of patent characteristics, which are newly proposed as an approach for characterizing technology life cycle in this study. To obtain the objective of this research, DVD technologies which have been already experienced four stages of a life cycle, i.e. 1) Introduction, 2) Growth, 3) Maturity, 4) Decline, is selected for analyzing its patent characteristics as a function of different stages in its life cycle. The results obtained in this study can be served as a basis for creating a model for forecasting the size of potential market in each of the above 4 stages. The larger numbers of patent reference, non-patent references and foreign reference, which occurred in Maturity stage and Decline stage, suggest that mature and declined technology encourages patent inventors to cite prior patents in order to seek for opportunity of radical and discontinuous technological innovation.