Peiqing Cai

Excitation powder dependent optical temperature behavior of Er 3+ doped transparent Sr 0.69 La 0.31 F 2.31 glass ceramics

The knowledge of the pump power for which the population of thermally coupled energy levels (TCL) changes with power increase is of valuable importance for optical temperature sensors. In this paper, novel Er³⁺ doped transparent Sr_0.69La_0.31F_2.31 glass ceramics was fabricated successfully, and its structure is studied by XRD, TEM and HRTEM analyses. The ²H_11/2/⁴S_3/2, ⁴F_9/2(1)/⁴F_9/2(2), and ⁴I_9/2(1)/⁴I_9/2(2) levels of Er³⁺ are proved as TCL by analyzing the temperature dependent fluorescence intensity ratios. The spectrum split, thermal quenching ratio, population stability, and temperature sensitivity from three TCL are observed to be dependent on the pump power. A new fitting method has been developed to establish the relation between fluorescence intensity ratios and temperature. It is found that the combined use of ²H_11/2/⁴S_3/2 and ⁴F_9/2(1)/⁴F_9/2(2) as thermally coupled energy levels will get a more precise temperature reading from 62.7 K to 800 K with the help of low excitation power at 66.8 mW/mm².

Influence of Doping and Excitation Powers on Optical Thermometry in Yb 3+ -Er 3+ doped CaWO 4

Optical thermometry has been widely studied to achieve an inaccessible temperature measurement in submicron scale and it has been reported that the temperature sensitivity depends mainly on host types. In this work, we propose a new method to improve the optical temperature sensitivity of Yb3+-Er3+ co-doped CaWO4 phosphors by doping with Li+, Sr2+, and Mg2+ ions and by controlling excitation powers of 980 nm laser. It is found that the thermometric parameters such as upconversion emission intensity, intensity ratio of green-to-red emission, fluorescence color, emission intensity ratios of thermally coupled levels (2H11/2/4S3/2), and relative and absolute temperature sensitivity can be effectively controlled by doping with Li+, Sr2+, and Mg2+ ions in the Yb3+-Er3+ co-doped CaWO4 system. Moreover, the relative sensitivity SR and the absolute sensitivity SA are proved to be dependent on the pump power of 980 nm laser. The sensitivities of SR and SA in Yb3+-Er3+ co-doped CaWO4 increase about 31.5% and 12%, respectively, by doping with 1 mol% Sr2+.

Photoluminescence Properties of Eu3+-Doped Glaserite-Type Orthovanadates CsK2Gd[VO4]2

Undoped and Eu(3+)-doped glaserite-type orthovanadates CsK2Gd1-xEux[VO4]2 with various Eu(3+) concentrations of x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0 were synthesized via the solid-state reaction. The formation of a single phase compound was verified through the X-ray diffraction studies. The photoluminescence (PL) and PL excitation (PLE) spectra, PL decay curves, and absolute quantum efficiency (QE) were investigated. Unlike the conventional Eu(3+)-doped vanadates, these Eu(3+)-doped samples showed not only several sharp emission lines due to Eu(3+) but also a broad emission band with a maximum at 530 nm due to the [VO4](3-) host. The intensities of the host and Eu(3+) emissions increased when the Eu(3+) concentration was increased from x = 0 to x = 0.6 and decreased above x = 0.6. Similar concentration dependence was observed for QE. The host emission, even if in the Eu(3+)-condensed host of CsK2Eu(VO4), was never quenched indicating inefficient energy transfer from the host [VO4](3-) to Eu(3+). This inefficient energy transfer is understood by suppression of the energy transfer by the V-O-Eu bond angle deviated from 180° and the separation of Eu(3+) ions at the Gd(3+) site from [VO4](3-). Like the 530 nm charge transfer [VO4](3-) emission, two broad and intense PLE bands with maxima at 330 and 312 nm were observed for the Eu(3+) emission. A maximum QE of 38.5% was obtained from CsK2Gd1-xEux[VO4]2 (x = 0.6). A white-colored emission was obtained by the combination of the broad 530 nm emission band and the intense sharp lines due to Eu(3+) at 590-620 nm.

Probe spectrum measurements of Eu3+ ions as a relevant tool for monitoring in vitro hydroxyapatite formation in a new borate biomaterial

CaB2O4 powders and ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction. In vitro hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralization was investigated by soaking the samples in simulated body fluid (SBF) for various time periods. X-ray diffraction and structural refinements, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy-dispersive spectra measurements were applied to investigate apatite formation before and after immersion in SBF. HA can easily form flower-like nanostructures with nano-needles even when soaked in SBF for several hours. The in vitro bioactivity of CaB2O4 was attributed to easy formation of B-OH groups in the CaB2O4 structure when soaked in SBF solutions. In the process of mineralization, the luminescence evolution of Eu3+ ions, a well-known structural probe, was detected by photoluminescence spectra and photoluminescence decay curves. This suggested that the process of mineralization can be monitored by the luminescence intensity of Eu3+ ions in the mineralization products. The current study will open up a new and simple in vivo avenue for in situ monitoring of hydroxyapatite conversion using a fiber luminescence spectrometer.

Detecting the origin of luminescence in Er 3+ -doped hexagonal Na 1.5 Gd 1.5 F 6 phosphors

Understanding site-selective fluorescence is one of valuable importance for spectrum modulation. In this Letter, we observed the existence of two non-equivalent Gd-activated crystallographic sites in an Er3+-doped hexagonal Na1.5Gd1.5F6 phosphor. It is proved that two green emissions from the S3/24 level separately originate from the Gd1 (540 nm) and Na2/Gd2 (550-555 nm) crystallographic sites, and the 657 nm red emission from the F9/24 level only originates from Na2/Gd2 site through using the time-resolved luminescence spectra. The 142.2% absolute enhancement of the red emission is realized through the synergistic effect of ultraviolet downconversion and infrared upconversion induced by the 370 nm and 1.54 μm dual-mode excitation.

Optical Thermometry Based on Vibration Sidebands in Y2MgTiO6:Mn4+ Double Perovskite

Mn4+-doped Y2MgTiO6 phosphors are synthesized by the traditional solid-state method. Powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer are employed to characterize the samples. The Mn4+-doped Y2MgTiO6 phosphors show the far-red emission at ∼715 nm, which is assigned to the 2Eg → 4A2 spin-forbidden transition of Mn4+. The temperature-dependent luminescent dynamics of Mn4+ is described by a complete model associated with electron-lattice interaction and spin-orbit coupling. The noncontact optical thermometry of Y2MgTiO6:Mn4+ is discussed based on the fluorescence intensity ratio of thermally coupled anti-Stokes and Stokes sidebands of the efficient ∼715 nm far-red emission in the temperature range of 10-513 K. The maximum sensor sensitivity of Y2MgTiO6:Mn4+ is determined to be as high as 0.001 42 K-1 at 153 K, which demonstrates potential applications for the optical thermometry at low-temperature environments.

Thermal stability and spectroscopic properties of Ho3+ doped tellurite-borate glasses

Abstract Ho3+ ions doped tellurite-borate glass samples with varying compositions were prepared. The compositional dependence on phenomenological Judd-Ofelt parameters was compared in different kinds of rare earth ions doped tellurite-borate glasses. Two methods were used to obtain radiative transition probability of 5I7 level with the aim of assuring the fitting quality. The integral absorption cross-sections and line shapes corresponding to 5I8→5G6 and 5I8→5I7 transition of Ho3+ ions were investigated in tellurite-borate glasses. The obtained data indicated that the integral absorption cross-sections corresponding to 5I8→5G6 transition of Ho3+ ions mainly depended on phenomenological Judd-Ofelt parameter, Ω2, because 5I8→5G6 transition belonged to hypersensitive transitions, which led to a larger Ω2 value. The change of line shapes of absorption spectra corresponding to 5I8→5G6 and 5I8→5I7 transitions of Ho3+ ions came from the lower energy regions, which could be attributed to the changed distribution of Stark levels and thermal population.

Bluish-white-light-emitting diodes based on two-dimensional lead halide perovskite (C6H5C2H4NH3)2PbCl2Br2

Bluish-white-light-emitting diodes (BWLEDs) are designed based on the two-dimensional mixed halide perovskite (C6H5C2H4NH3)2PbCl2Br2 at room temperature. Bluish-white electroluminescence devices were fabricated by a spin-coating method. The BWLEDs can be turned on at 4.9 V and depict a maximum luminance of ∼70 cd/m2 at 7 V. Low and room temperature photoluminescence spectra show the coexistence of free exciton and self-trapped exciton luminescence in a deformable lattice. The strategy of achieving white electroluminescence (EL) from mixed halide perovskite reported here can be applied to other two-dimensional perovskites to increase the optoelectronic efficiency of the device in the future.Bluish-white-light-emitting diodes (BWLEDs) are designed based on the two-dimensional mixed halide perovskite (C6H5C2H4NH3)2PbCl2Br2 at room temperature. Bluish-white electroluminescence devices were fabricated by a spin-coating method. The BWLEDs can be turned on at 4.9 V and depict a maximum luminance of ∼70 cd/m2 at 7 V. Low and room temperature photoluminescence spectra show the coexistence of free exciton and self-trapped exciton luminescence in a deformable lattice. The strategy of achieving white electroluminescence (EL) from mixed halide perovskite reported here can be applied to other two-dimensional perovskites to increase the optoelectronic efficiency of the device in the future.

Synthesis, structure and optical performance of red-emitting phosphor Ba5AlF13:Mn4+

Mn4+-activated cubic phase Ba5AlF13 red phosphors were prepared by the two-step coprecipitation method. The structural and optical features were characterized on the basis of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), emission and excitation spectra, and luminescence decay curves. The Ba5AlF13:Mn4+ phosphors can be efficiently excited by near-UV to blue light and exhibit bright red emission at around 627 nm, which is assigned to the 2Eg → 4A2g transition of the 3d3 electrons in [MnF6] octahedra. Temperature dependent emission spectra and decay curves from 10 to 550 K were measured to deeply understand the luminescence mechanism of Mn4+ in the Ba5AlF13 lattice. Notably, this novel red phosphor shows excellent anti-thermal quenching behaviour (∼700% of emission intensity at 300 K relative to 10 K).

Correction: Synthesis, structure and optical performance of red-emitting phosphor Ba5AlF13:Mn4+

Correction for ‘Synthesis, structure and optical performance of red-emitting phosphor Ba5AlF13:Mn4+’ by Lin Qin et al., RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 49473–49479.