Perdamean Sebayang

The synthesization of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles based on natural iron sand by co-precipitation method for the used of the adsorption of Cu and Pb ions

Magnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4 (magnetite) have been synthesized from natural sand iron by co-precipitation method. The nanoparticles were synthesized using HCl as solvent and NH3 as co-precipitate. The nanoparticles synthesized at 70°C in two different treatments. Sample without Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 noted by A and sample with PEG 6000 noted by B symbol. The measurement that have been done for both samples were XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) Spectrometry, SEM (Scanning electron microscopy), VSM (Vibrating sample magnetometer) and SAA (Surface area analyzer). The results showed that both samples were having Fe3O4 phases. Particle size, coercivity and magnetic saturation of B samples were smaller than A samples. But the surface area of B sample was larger than A sample. Both samples were then used to adsorb Cu and Pb ions using shaker method. Adsorption analysis from Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy (AAS) showed that B was more effectivein adsorbing metal ions than A. The adsorption value of Cu and Pb ions were 79 and 91% respectively.

Synthesis, Properties and Application of Glucose Coated Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Prepared by Co-precipitation Method

Synthesis of glucose coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles have been successfully prepared with co-precipitation method. Raw material of natural iron-sand was obtained from Buaya River, Deliserdang, Indonesia. The milled iron-sand was dissolved in HCl (37 mole %), and stirred in 300 rpm at 70°C for 90 minutes. Glucose was added to the filtered powder with varied content of 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 mole, and precipitated by NH3 (25 mole%). After drying process, the final product subsequently was glucose coated magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. The characterizations performed were true density measurement, FTIR, VSM, XRD, BET, and adsorbent performance by AAS. The FTIR analysis showed that M-O (bending) with M=Fe (stretching vibration) with υ = 570.92 and 401.19 cm-1. While glucose coated well on nanoparticle Fe3O4, proved by functional groups C=O (stretching), M-O (stretching) and C-H (bending) with υ = 1404.17, 570.92, and 2368.58 cm-1, respectively. Single phase of magnetite (Fe3O4) structure was determined from XRD analysis with cubic spinel structure and lattice parameter of 8.396 A. The optimum conditions, obtained on the Fe3O4 nanoparticles with 0.01 mole of glucose addition, which has true density value of 4.57 g/cm3, magnetic saturation, M s = 35,41 emu/g, coercivity, H cJ = 83.58 Oe, average particle size = 12.3 nm and surface area = 124.88 m2/g. This type magnetic nanoparticles of glucose-coated Fe3O4 was capable to adsorbed 93.78 % of ion Pb. Therefore, the glucose-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticle is a potential candidate to be used as heavy metal removal from wastewater.

Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Elastomer based PEG-Coated Fe3O4 from Natural Iron Sand

Magnetic elastomer nanocomposite based PEG-coated Fe3O4 with silicone rubber binder have been prepared from natural iron-sand by using coprecipitation method. The samples were characterized by using X-ray Diffractometer, X-ray Fluorescence, Fourier Transform Infra-Red, tensile strength test, and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer to analyze the physical and magnetic properties. We observed that all samples were formed by single phase cubic spinel magnetite (Fe3O4) crystalline structure. The atomic bonding analysis by FTIR showed that the C-O-C and C-H ordering were understood as the PEG – Fe3O4 bonding characteristics. We have observed that the Young modulus of elastomer based PEG-coated Fe3O4 slightly decreased compared to the natural iron-sand based elastomer. The magnetic properties of PEG-coated Fe3O4 were known to be magnetically softer with the lowest coercivity without losing its magnetization saturation value. We propose that the PEG-coated Fe3O4 is a promising candidate to be applied as magnetorheological elastomer due to a good mechanical and magnetic characteristic and also promising as microwave absorbing materials.

Characteristics of B2O3 and Fe added into BaFe12O19 permanent magnets prepared at different milling time and sintering temperature

The objective of present work is to investigate the characteristic of BaFe12O19, B2O3-BaFe12O19 and Fe-BaFe12O19 magnets fabricated at different milling time and sintering temperature. The characteristic of perrmanen magnet BaFe12O19 with different content of B2O3 and Fe which was fabricated at different milling time and sintering temperature were investigated. The powder mixtures were prepared by dry and wet milling at various milling time. The powder were mixtured and prepared by dry and wet milling at various milling time. The mixture powder was then compacted by anisotropic with compressive pressure of 50 N/cm2. The green bodies were sinter at 1050, 1100, 1150 and 1200°C and hold for 1 h, separately. The density, magnetic flux density and B-H curve were measured by Archimedes principle, Gauss meter and Permagraph, respectively. The microstructure and phase composition characterization were performed by SEM and XRD. The results of this study are presented in this paper. It shows that addition of Fe (in...

Superhydrophobic surface as a fluid enhancement material in engineering applications

In this study, a superhydrophobic surface and its relation to the enhancement of the droplet fluid dynamics to the surface of the object materials was investigated. As the comparison, hydrophilic and uncoated surface of an object also investigated. The investigations used height of impact at 89 mm. The high quality speed camera is employed to investigate the droplet dynamic on a copper foil and a calcium fluoride surfaces. Both of the materials are coated with superhydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces separately. The droplet diameter was analyzed using the program PHANTOM. The droplet contact angle was analyzed by the Goniometry method. The water was dropped on the calcium fluoride and the copper foil using a syringe (sharp tip) with initial droplet diameter of 1.9 mm. To record the droplet fluid shape, the photo micro sensor was placed inside the trigger box below the syringe. The results showed that the superhydrophobic surface both on copper foil and calcium fluoride enhanced the mobility of a droplet compared to the hydrophilic and the uncoated surfaces. The results showed that the maximum droplet diameter on the copper foil coated by the superhydrophobic, the hydrophilic and the uncoated surfaces are 4.7, 5.0, 5.2 mm, respectively; and for the calcium fluoride are 4.5, 5.1 and 5.5 mm, respectively. Meanwhile, the results for the droplet contact angle on the copper foil coated by the superhydrophobic, the hydrophilic and the uncoated surfaces are 20°, 90°, 160°, respectively; and for the calcium fluoride are 25°, 95°, 165°, respectively.

The effect of nitrogen gas flow rate on heat treatment of AISI SS-430: Study of microstructure and hardness

The aim of this research was to obtain the austenite phase from ferritic stainless steel through sample heat treatment. The AISI 430 ferritic steel with the thickness of about 0.4 mm was used. The heat treatment was conducted in a tube furnace at elevated temperature of 1150, 1200, 1250 °C and nitrogen gas flow rate of 0.57 and 0.73 l/s. The samples were then rapidly quenched in water bath. An optical microscope, XRD, SEM-EDS and micro vickers hardness tester were used to characterize the sample before and after het treatment. The presence of anneal twins indicated the formation of austenite phase in the sample. Its fraction was varied from 10.89 wt% to 35.10 wt%. In addition, the heat treatment temperature strongly affected the sample hardness. The optimum hardness obtained was about 542.69 HV. According to the results, this material can be considered for biomedical applications.The aim of this research was to obtain the austenite phase from ferritic stainless steel through sample heat treatment. The AISI 430 ferritic steel with the thickness of about 0.4 mm was used. The heat treatment was conducted in a tube furnace at elevated temperature of 1150, 1200, 1250 °C and nitrogen gas flow rate of 0.57 and 0.73 l/s. The samples were then rapidly quenched in water bath. An optical microscope, XRD, SEM-EDS and micro vickers hardness tester were used to characterize the sample before and after het treatment. The presence of anneal twins indicated the formation of austenite phase in the sample. Its fraction was varied from 10.89 wt% to 35.10 wt%. In addition, the heat treatment temperature strongly affected the sample hardness. The optimum hardness obtained was about 542.69 HV. According to the results, this material can be considered for biomedical applications.

The evaluation of temperature in synthesizing process of natural iron sand based Fe3O4 nanoparticles for Ni ion adsorption

The magnetic nanoparticles of natural mineral-iron sand based Magnetite (Fe3O4) have been successfully prepared as the adsorbent for Ni ion adsorption purpose. The Fe3O4 was prepared by using co-precipitation method at the various synthesis temperatures, 70, 90, and 110 °C. The surface area decreases as the increasing of synthesis temperature, meanwhile, the particle diameter and pore size increase. The optimum magnetic properties are obtained at 70 °C by 56.74 Oe for the coercivity, 38.40 emu/g for the saturation and 3.04 emu/g for the remanence. In addition, the maximum adsorption capacity toward Ni ion is 786.56 mg/g at the optimum condition as well as 55.96% Ni ion removal efficieny.

Preparation and Characterization of Fe-Mn-doped Barium Hexaferrite Permanent Magnet

Barium Hexaferrite-based permanent magnets (BaFe12O19) was known for its high magnetic anisotropy and suitability in broad applications. Some dopants and atomic substitutions have been utilized to improve its properties for special purposes. In this paper, the Fe-Mn system was used as a dopant for preparing Fe-Mn-doped barium hexaferrite permanent magnet using mechanical alloying method. The physical properties of the samples, such as bulk density, and porosity were examined to study the effect of the dopant. In addition, the crystal structure and magnetic properties of the samples were analyzed using X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), respectively. It is found that the addition of Fe-Mn into barium hexaferrite contributes on the appearance of minor phases such as iron oxide-based magnetite and hematite. In addition, the XRD peak shifted to smaller angle which is likely due to Mn ion substitution and lattice strain within the hexaferrite crystal. It is also observed that the magnetic properties of Fe-Mn-doped barium hexaferrite was inferior to that of the undoped samples. It means that the formation of magnetite and hematite from Fe-Mn dopant during the sintering process is dominant and results to the reduction of hard magnetic properties of the samples.

Effects of Sintering Holding Time on the Structural, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Zn0.95Ni0.05O

Zn0.95Ni0.05O has been synthesized by mixing 5% mol of NiO into ZnO using solid state reaction and high-speed shaker mill method. The samples were sintered at 900 °C with holding time for 2, 4 and 8 hours. Crystal structure, electrical and magnetic properties of Zn0.95Ni0.05O were characterized by using XRD, I-V, C-V and VSM. XRD results showed that variation of holding time does not change the structure of ZnO and no other secondary phase observed. The value of lattice parameters (a and c) tends to decrease proportionally to the holding time. The Intensity value changes and the peak shifted to a higher 2θ angle due to holding time variation. In general, the conductance of Zn0.95Ni0.05O decreases and the magnetic properties decrease also as the holding time is increased.

Preparation and characterization of zinc oxide doped with ferrite and chromium

In this paper, the effect of doping concentrations of Fe and Cr on ZnO powder was studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The ZnO was doped using solid state reaction method with High Speedshaker Mill (HSM) and continued with sintering at 900°C for 4 hours. Samples doped with Fe and Cr have polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure. XRD pattern of ZnO doped with Fe is not far different from that with Cr. The intensity decrease and the peak shifted to a higher 2θ angle indicate the change in the crystal parameters such as lattice parameters, crystalline sizes, and d-spacing.In this paper, the effect of doping concentrations of Fe and Cr on ZnO powder was studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The ZnO was doped using solid state reaction method with High Speedshaker Mill (HSM) and continued with sintering at 900°C for 4 hours. Samples doped with Fe and Cr have polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure. XRD pattern of ZnO doped with Fe is not far different from that with Cr. The intensity decrease and the peak shifted to a higher 2θ angle indicate the change in the crystal parameters such as lattice parameters, crystalline sizes, and d-spacing.