Periakaruppan Athappan

Synthesis, spectral and redox properties of metal complexes of macrocyclic tetraaza chiral Schiff bases

New transition metal(II) coordination compounds of tetraaza macrocyclic chiral Schiff bases, derived from 2-hydroxybenzylideneacetylacetone or 4-hydroxybenzylideneacetylacetone and (1R, 2R)-(−)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, have been prepared and characterised spectroscopically and electrochemically. E.p.r. spectral data for the CuII complexes reveal a strong metal-to-ligand π-interaction in their square-planar configuration and the broadening of the g⊥ component is due to the strain created by 1R and 2R groups in the cyclohexane rings. The cyclic voltammetric (c.v.) data of the copper complexes show an unusual oxidation state of CuIII, while CoII complexes show a reversible CoII/CoIII redox peak along with an additional peak in the negative potential region characteristic of reversibly bound oxygen. The c.v. results reveal that both CuII and CoII complexes bind axially with added bases. The spectroscopic results reveal that copper, cobalt and nickel complexes are in square-planar geometry, whereas manganese is in octahedral geometry.

Copper(II), nickel(II), cobalt(II) and oxovanadium(IV) complexes of substituted β-hydroxyiminoanilides

Complexes of the general formula, ML2 [M = CuII, NiII, CoII and OVIV; L = 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-3-hydroxyimino-N-(4-X-phenyl)-l-phenyl-5-(phenylmethylene)-2-naphthalenecarboxamide (X = H, Me, OMe, Cl)] have been prepared and characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, magnetic moments and i.r., e.p.r. and electronic spectra. These metal complexes contain the N4 chromophore with the ligand coordinating through nitrogens of the azomethine and deprotonated anilide functions. C.v. measurements indicate that the copper(II) complexes are quasi-reversible in acetonitrile solution. Square planar and square pyramidal structures are assigned respectively to the copper(II) and oxovanadium(IV) complexes, whereas tetrahedral geometry is assigned to the nickel(II) and cobalt(II) complexes. Deprotonated anilide nitrogen is involved in coordination and the presence of an electron-donating group para to the anilide function decreases the ΔE values of the d–d transitions while the value is found to increase when electron-withdrawing groups are substituted. Line spacing in the e.p.r. spectra of the copper(II) and oxovanadium(IV) complexes increases when methyl group is para to the anilide group, and decreases when this group is replaced by methoxy or chloro. The ν(C–N) of the anilide group and the ν(C-N) of the azomethine function of the oxime metal complexes are metal-sensitive and the blue shift for the above stretching frequencies follows the order: copper(II) > oxovanadium(IV) > nickel(II) ≈ cobalt(II).

Ruthenium(II)/(III) complexes of bidentate acetyl hydrazide Schiff bases

A series of octahedral RuII/RuIII complexes of the type [Ru(Y)(CO)(BAX)(PPh3)2] and [RuCl2(BAX)(PPh3)2] (Y = H or Cl; BAX = benzaldehydeacetylhydrazone anion; X = H, Me, OMe, OH, Cl or NO2) have been prepared and characterised by spectral, magnetic and cyclic voltammetric studies. The RuII complexes are low spin diamagnetic (S = 0) whereas the RuIII complexes are low spin and paramagnetic (S = 1/2). These RuII and RuIII complexes absorb in the visible region respectively at ca. 16,000 and 28,000 cm−1 which bands are assigned to the MLCT. The correlation of the λmax values of the RuIII complexes with the σ+ Hammett parameter, is linear, indicating the profound effect of substituents on the electron density of the central metal. I.r. spectral data reveals that the hydrazone is chelated to ruthenium through the hydrazinic nitrogen and the deprotonated enolic oxygen. The rhombic nature of the e.s.r. spectra of the RuIII complexes indicates an asymmetry in the electronic environment around the Ru atom. RuII complexes in CH2Cl2 show an irreversible RuII/III redox couple at ca. 0.9–0.5 V, while the RuIII complexes show two reversible redox couples in the −0.1–0.1 and 0.8–0.6 V range, indicating that the higher oxidation state of ruthenium is stabilised by hydrazones.

Synthesis and spectral studies of cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of 1-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)-3-(4-X-phenyl)-2-propen-1-ones and their pyridine adducts

SummaryMetal(II) chelates of the type ML2nB [M = CoII, NiII and CuII; L = 1-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)-3-(4-X-phenyl)-2-pro-pen-1-one, (X = H, Cl or Me); B = H2O or Py; n = 0, 2] have been prepared by in situ ring opening of 5,6-benzofiavanones and also from the corresponding chalcones. Structures have been assessed by magnetic measurements, i.r., electronic and e.p.r. spectra and by thermal studies. The anhydrous CuII chelates are monomers and possess square-planar geometry, while the corresponding CoII and NiII complexes are polymers with a high-spin trans-octahedral configuration. All the base adducts have a high-spin trans-octahedral configuration. I.r. studies indicate that v(C=O) and v(M-O) frequencies are affected by metal-ion and by phenyl substitution and adduct formation. E.p.r. spectral studies indicate a higher degree of covalency in the in-plane σ-bonded pyridine adducts of the copper complexes than do the parent chalcone complexes. The relatively low ligand field strength of 1-(2-hydroxy-l-naphthyl)-3-(4-X-phenyl)-2-propen-l-ones compared to 2′-hydroxychal-cones is attributed to the inhibition of extensive conjugation arising from deviation of the naphthoyl group from planarity.

Biological evaluation of redox stable cisplatin/Cu(II)-DNA adducts as potential anticancer agents

Abstract A series of non-enolizable β-diketonate-based copper(II) complexes with LCuCl2 [L = Knoevenagel condensates of curcumin (Salcimine) and methylacetoacetate (SalMaA)-based Schiff bases] chromospheres as functional models of chemotherapy drug cisplatin were investigated for their covalent interaction with herring sperm DNA. The synthesis and structural characterization of 1a and 1b have been reported in our previous article. However, their DNA interactions and cytotoxicity properties were not studied. These analyses have been carried out mainly through electrochemical techniques supplemented with spectral, relative viscosity, gel electrophoresis techniques, and AGS cancer cells using MTT assay. The cytotoxic activities of the ligand, curcumin-based copper complex, and cisplatin were tested against the AGS cancer cell line under similar experimental conditions showing that the complex exhibited cancer cell inhibitory rate closer to cisplatin even at low concentration. This was also seen in the docking of the Cu-complex onto a rich guanine B-DNA decamer, where a Cu–N3(guanine) interaction instead of Pt-N7 as cisplatin is detected. The obtained results in this study prove that these complexes could be a promising substitute for cisplatin as a new family of non-platinum-based anticancer metallo-drugs after in vivo tests on animal models.

COPPER(II), NICKEL(II), COBALT(II) AND OXOVANADIUM(IV) COMPLEXES OF 1-(3-HYDROXY-2-NAPHTHYL)-5-(P-X-PHENYL)-PENT-4-ENE-1,3-DIONES

Complexes of 1-(3-hydroxy-2-naphthyl)-5-(p-X-phenyl)pent-4-ene-1, 3-diones (HXNP) (X = H, Cl, Me or OMe) with divalent metal ions, having the formula M(HXNP)2 (M = Cu, Ni or Co) and M(HXNP)2 · nB (n = 0,2: B = H2O or Py), have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, i.r., electronic, 1H-n.m.r. and e.s.r. spectroscopies and by magnetic susceptibility measurements. Spectral assignments show the metal ions to be coordinated through both carbonyl oxygen atoms and the effect of conjugation of the ligand structure (dπ–π* interaction) is strong enough to stabilize the metal ligand bond. The observed hyperfine splitting constants and magnetic moments suggest that the copper complexes are monomers with a slightly distorted planar structure, having more covalent in plane σ-bonding. The magnetic and spectral properties of the dihydrates and dipyridinates of the cobalt and nickel complexes are commensurate with monomeric high-spin octahedral geometries; polymerization takes place on dehydration–depyridination of nickel(II) complexes. Oxovanadyl complexes of these β-diketones have also been prepared; the ligand-to-metal ratio is 2:1 with square pyramidal geometry. The e.s.r. spectra of the complexes show the presence of one unpaired electron in the dxy orbital and the hyperfine splitting constants are sensitive to a change in solvent. The effect of bases on the redox behaviour of copper(II) complexes owing to geometry change is discussed.

DNA assisted fragmentation of nickel nanoparticle clusters and their spectral properties

Nickel nanoparticle (NiNP) clusters in the range of 60-70 nm size on interaction with herring-sperm DNA (B-DNA) form a self-assembled duplex helix DNA structure with fragmented NiNPs as small as 5-15 nm, as evident from atomic force microscopic studies. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images also corroborate the findings. The properties of these self-assembled NiNPs-DNA structures have been further investigated by UV-visible, emission and circular dichroic (CD) spectral studies.

COPPER(II) AND RUTHENIUM(II)/(III) SCHIFF BASE COMPLEXES

Metal complexes of general formula [Cu(L)](ClO4)2, [Ru(L)(PPh3)2]Cl2 and [Ru(L)(PPh3)Cl]Cl2[L = 1,4-di- (o-benzylidiminophenoxy/benzylidiminophenylthio)butane] containing N2O2 or N2S2 donor atoms have been prepared and characterised by spectral, magnetic and cyclic voltammetric studies. The rhombic nature of the e.s.r. spectra of the RuIII complexes indicates an asymmetry in the electronic environment around the Ru atom. e.s.r. spectra of the CuII complexes show a typical four-line spectrum with approximate tetrahedral distortion. The observed low A∥ values in the CuII complexes, of the order of 132–160 × 10−4cm−1, indicates a tetrahedrally distorted square planar structure.The influence of modified ligands is reflected in the metal-centered redox potentials. CuII complexes having the N2S2 chromophore, in MeCN on a glassy carbon electrode, undergo quasi-reversible reduction in the 540–680 mV range. A depression in E1/2 values for the open chain N2S2 chromophoric macrocyclic CuII complexes, compared to electronically similar cyclic tetradentate CuII analogues, is due to the increased stabilization of the CuI state by added flexibility provided through the open chain donor sites.

Synthesis and spectral studies of copper(II), nickel(II), cobalt(II) and vanadyl(II) complexes of tridentate Schiff bases of 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-3-oxo-N,1-diphenyl-5-(phenylmethylene)-2-naphthalenecarboxamide

SummaryMetal(II) chelates of Schiff bases derived from the condensation of 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-3-oxo-N,1-diphenyl-5-(phenylmethylene)-2-naphthalenecarboxamide with o-aminophenol (KAAP), o-aminothiophenol (KAAT) or o-aminobenzoic acid (KAAB) have been prepared and characterized. The complexes are of the type [M(N2X)]2 for M = CuII and M(NX)2·nH2O for M = NiII, CoII and VOII (X = phenolic oxygen, thiophenolic sulphur or carboxylic oxygen; n = 0 or 2). Conductivity data indicate that the complexes are non-ionic. The Schiff bases behave as dibasic tridentate ligands in their copper(II) complexes and as monobasic bidentate ligands in their nickel(II), cobalt(II) and vanadyl(II) complexes. The subnormal magnetic moments of the copper(II) complexes are ascribed to an antiferromagnetic exchange interaction arising from dimerization. Nickel(II) and cobalt(II) complexes are trans octahedral whereas vanadyl(II) complexes are square pyramidal

Ruthenium(II)/(III) and oxovanadium(IV) complexes of highly conjugated β-diketones and their macrocyclic Schiff base binuclear copper(II) complexes

Ruthenium(II) complexes of the general formula [Ru(PPh3)2(L)(L′)]ClO4 [L=2,2′-bipyridine or 1,10-phenanthroline;L′=2-hydroxy-ω-4-X-phenylcinnamoylacetophenone] have been prepared by reacting L and L′ with Ru(PPh3)3Cl2 in CH2Cl2. The complexes are diamagnetic and absorb intensely in the visible region, owing to the MLCT transition. Hexacoordinated ruthenium(III) complexes, [RuCl2(PPh3)2(L′)], have also been prepared by reacting Ru(PPh3)3Cl3 with β-diketones. Solutions of ruthenium(III) complexes show rhombic e.s.r. spectra at 77 K, and distortion from the octahedral symmetry has been identified from the line spacings. The conjugation in diketones favours reversibility in RuII/III and RuIII/IV and stabilize ruthenium in different oxidation states owing to dπ–π* interaction. Oxovanadyl(IV) complexes of the β-diketones with a metal-to-ligand ratio of 1:2 and square pyramidal geometry were also prepared. The e.s.r spectra of these complexes show the presence of an unpaired electron in the dxy orbital and the hyperfine splitting constants are sensitive to solvent change. ¶ A new class of highly conjugated Schiff bases obtained from the above diketones and 2-aminothiophenol behave as dibasic, tridentate ligands in their copper(II) complexes. The subnormal magnetic moments and hyperfine splittings of these complexes are ascribed to an antiferromagnetic exchange interaction arising from dimerization. Cyclic voltammograms show that the electron transfer occurs in two steps corresponding to CuII–CuI and CuI–CuI redox states.