Peter H. Lee

Induced Preference or Conditioned Aversion for Sodium Chloride in Rats with Chronic Bile Duct Ligation

We examined whether a learned aversion to saline could account for the reduction in saline intake produced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in rats and whether increased saline intake by BDL rats was associated with hypotension. In three experiments, rats were given continuous access to water in choice with saline after surgery. In Experiment 1, rats were deprived of food and fluid for 24 h and then given 2-h access to either 0.15 or 0.3 M saline. Rats received a BDL or sham-ligation immediately (paired) or 48 h after (nonpaired) the 2-h bout of saline ingestion. The results show that nonpaired BDL rats increased their daily saline intake relative to nonpaired sham-ligated or paired BDL rats approximately 1-4 weeks after surgery. In Experiment 2, when water and either cherry or grape Kool-Aid (0.05% w/v) dissolved in 0.15 M saline to distinguish the flavor of the solution was offered prior to surgery, BDL rats reduced their ingestion of grape-flavored saline after surgery regardless of whether they were exposed to grape- or cherry-flavored saline prior to surgery. In Experiment 3, when rats were offered water and 0.3 M saline 48 h after surgery, BDL rats ligated for 4 weeks increased their saline intake relative to sham-ligated controls and this elevation in saline intake by BDL rats was associated with hypotension. The results suggest that the symptoms associated with the BDL surgery can serve as effective unconditioned stimuli in the acquisition of learned flavor aversions, and that hypotension may play a role in the elevated intake of saline by BDL rats.

Anthology of Korean Literature: From Early Times to the Nineteenth Century

This books offers a comprehensive sampling of the major genres of poetry and prose written from about A.D. 600 to the end of the nineteenth century. The book contains a dazzling array of myths and legends, essays and biographies, love poems and Zen poems, satirical tales and tales of wonder, stories of adventure and of heroism, as well as quieter works treating the farmers works and days and the pleasures and sorrows of the simple life.

Communications to the Editor

was then added to the internal cell, and the tube was sealed with parafilm and allowed to equilibrate overnigth at 34 OC. Chemical shifts were determined relative to the external reference, first by using a Bruker WM-250 spectrometer operating at 250 MHz and 34 OC and then by using a Varian EM-390 spectrometer operating at 90

The Imjin nok, or the Record of the Black Dragon Year: An Introduction

The author discusses the Imjin nok, the first tale inspired by the Japanese invasions of Korea between 1592 and 1598. He concentrates on four versions of the tale, examining their differences in content, structure, and style. The stories presented in the four different versions are outlined. Then the author discusses eleven recurring motifs shared by the four narratives. The article concludes with an analysis of the Imjin nok as a narrative fiction that incorporates elements of heroic fiction, popular tradition, meditations on history, and considerations of morality and politics. An appendix describes twenty-two texts of the Imjin nok.

Treelike : the poetry of Kinoshita Yūji

Poetry. Asian Studies. Translated from the Japanese by Robert Epp. Selected for the UNESCO Collection of Representative Works. Winner of the Yomiuri Prize in 1966. Kinoshita Yuji (1903-1965)was born in the small provincial town of Miyuki, near Hiroshima, where he worked for many years as a pharmacist, despite an early passion for French literature. A perfectionist who wrote fewer than 400 poems, his crisp, vivid imagery often expresses the tension between his rural life and his urge to be a sophisticated modern and urban poet. Preface by Ooka Makoto.