Peter W. Hashim

Alopecia areata is characterized by expansion of circulating Th2/Tc2/Th22, within the skin-homing and systemic T-cell populations

Characterizing blood profile of alopecia areata (AA) is important not only for treatment advancements, but also for possibly identifying peripheral biomarkers that will eliminate the need for scalp biopsies. We aimed to compare frequencies of skin homing (CLA+) vs systemic (CLA−) “polar” CD4+ and CD8+ and activated T‐cell subsets in AA vs atopic dermatitis (AD) and control blood.

An integrated model of alopecia areata biomarkers highlights both TH1 and TH2 upregulation

This study expands the current paradigm on AA cytokine profile in serum and scalp, identifying IL-15, and Th1 and Th2 serum cytokines that reflect both tissue activity and clinical disease severity.

Miscellaneous Uses of Biologic and Systemic Agents in Other Dermatologic Conditions

Biologic agents are a relatively new class of medication that typically target specific parts of the immune system. These medications were originally developed for use in a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, for which they have had great success in treatment. In recent years, biologics have been tested as off-label treatments for a number of dermatologic diseases. More research, including larger scale clinical trials, will likely be necessary to confirm their efficacy in these conditions, as most of the data to date has come from case reports and small case series. However, they have shown promise in the treatment of many of these diseases, which often are refractory to currently available conventional therapies. We will review to date information of off-label uses of biologic and related systemic agents for the treatment of a number of dermatologic conditions in this chapter.

Inverse Psoriasis: A Review of Topical Therapies:

Inverse psoriasis, also known as intertriginous or flexural psoriasis, remains a challenging condition to treat. For decades, the mainstay therapy approach has been low-potency steroids for short durations due to the risk of cutaneous atrophy and striae. Other topical options include immunomodulators, vitamin D analogues, and tar-based products. In this paper, we review the literature on the treatment options available for inverse psoriasis.

Palmoplantar Psoriasis: a review of topical therapies

Palmoplantar psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the rise of desquamative plaques on the palms and soles. Due to the thick stratum corneum of the palmoplantar regions, the search for effective topical treatments has been significantly more difficult than other forms of psoriasis. Current topical treatments include phototherapy, methotrexate gel, laser therapy, and tazarotene ointment; most treatments outside of phototherapy, however, do not have sufficient high-level clinical evaluations to justify their efficacy. In this systematic review, we explore the literature on different topical treatment regimens for palmoplantar psoriasis. Correspondence to: John K Nia, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center, 5 E. 98th Street, New York, NY 10029, USA, Tel: 212-241-3288; Fax: 212-876-8961; E-mail: John.Nia@mssm.edu Received: September 15, 2016; Accepted: October 13, 2016; Published: October 17, 2016 Li L (2016) Palmoplantar Psoriasis: a review of topical therapies Glob Dermatol, 2016 doi: 10.15761/GOD.1000196 Volume 3(6): 387-393 and were used to find other sources.