Philip J. Cohen

Facial bacterial infections: Folliculitis

Facial bacterial infections are most commonly caused by infections of the hair follicles. Wherever pilosebaceous units are found folliculitis can occur, with the most frequent bacterial culprit being Staphylococcus aureus. We review different origins of facial folliculitis, distinguishing bacterial forms from other infectious and non-infectious mimickers. We distinguish folliculitis from pseudofolliculitis and perifolliculitis. Clinical features, etiology, pathology, and management options are also discussed.

Cellular and molecular mechanisms in wound healing: selected concepts.

Abstract The interactions among cells, structural and other proteins, and large and small molecules in the dermis is an extremely complex, and largely unknown subject in normal skin, so that these interactions in wounded skin are incapable of complete comprehension at present. The problem is compounded by the further reaction and interaction of formed structures within the dermis, such as blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves of all types, and adnexal structures, as well as interactions with the epidermis, which are separately reviewed in the following chapter. In spite of all of this, there are several areas in which research has provided rather extensive insight into the wound healing process. These areas will now be reviewed. A separate review has been provided in this volume of the results obtained using in vitro systems for studies of the wound healing process (Chapter 6). Wound healing has been traditionally divided into three phases: (1) the inflammatory phase, also known as the exudative, lag, or substrate phase; (2) the fibroblastic phase, also known as the connective tissue or proliferative phase; and (3) the remodeling phase, also known as the resorptive or differentiating phase. Although these phases are somewhat arbitrary, we will use them to organize our approach to the problem, dividing our discussion into the inflammatory phase—to which we shall give emphasis—and later developments. Various aspects of the phases of wound healing overlap extensively.

Cryosurgery for Tattoo Removal

Tattoos are an ancient form of body adornment that has persisted to modern times. Approximately 20 % of Americans have at least one tattoo, and many seek to remove tattoos later in life. Surgical, chemical, and thermal modalities are commonly used to remove tattoos. Laser treatments have emerged as a more efficacious approach, while cryosurgery stands as a marginal treatment option.

Flexural and extensoral eruptions in dermatologic disease

Dermatologic eruptions can be generalized or localized to specific areas of the body. Eruptions in specific body regions may suggest specific diagnosis. Recognizing such clinical patterns can facilitate the identification of the underlying pathology. In this contribution, we shall discuss those dermatologic lesions that tend to affect the flexure and extensor surfaces.

The quantification and distribution of nasal sebaceous glands using image analysis

The distribution of sebaceous glands in nasal skin is of interest because the presence of these adnexal structures significantly influences the outcome of healing. Using whole nasal skins dissected from cadavers, we prepared tissue sections from the nasal bridge to the nasal tip, both from the midline and lateral aspects. The sebaceous glands in these sections were analyzed for the following parameters: (1) size of the glands, (2) width of luminal cross-sections, and (3) depth of the glands. These parameters were studied using a Leitz Quantimet 500 Plus image analyzer and software to quantify the results. We found that the superior or proximal nasal skin contains fewer, smaller, more superficially located sebaceous glands. The inferior or distal nasal skin contains increased numbers of sebaceous glands which are markedly larger in size. The glands in the distal nose have larger lumina, are situated both superficially and deep in the dermis, and also occupy a greater percentage of the dermis. We identified an anatomical breakpoint on the nasal skin, marking the transition from superficial, small sebaceous glands to superficial-and-deep, enlarged glands. The columella was found to be similar to the proximal nasal skin.

Malignant Neoplastic Disorders

Definition:Kaposi—s Sarcoma (KS) is a proliferative process of vascular cells that are presumed to be endothelial in origin.

Terms and Abbreviations Used in Studies of Cutaneous Lymphoproliferative Phenomena

This chapter addresses the nomenclature of cutaneous lymphoproliferative phenomena, a subject which is complex, confusing, and constantly evolving. Three tables are provided. The first (Table 1) provides definitions for standard and some not so standard abbreviations in current use. Only the definitions, with limited or no discussion are provided here, since to do more would entail an entire volume on its own. Pages in this book where these terms are used are indicated in the index and from them further references may be obtained. While many of these terms are rather obvious, a number are not so obvious. In some cases an abbreviation or term means one thing in one field, and another in another field, both of which interface with cutaneous lymphoproliferative studies. For example, several very different terms and abbreviations are used to denote allergic contact dermatitis, an entity studied by both clinical dermatologists and clinical and research immunologists for many years. “APC” can denote both “antigen presenting cell”, as well as a fluorescent dye.