Pietro Evangelista

Technology usage in the supply chain: the case of small 3PLs

In todays supply chain management practices, a successful strategy depends increasingly on the performance of third party logistics (3PLs) providers as they play a key integrative role linking the different supply chain elements more effectively. Information and communications technology (ICT) has become an important element of 3PL competitive capability as it enables higher levels of supply chain integration. Recent industry developments have widened the technological gap between large and small 3PLs. This is critical particularly for those markets populated by a large number of small 3PLs such as the Italian logistics industry. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of ICT adoption in small logistics service providers. The focus of the study is the Italian 3PL market. The methodology adopted in this paper is based on the action research framework and it is a combination of theoretical analysis and empirical findings (focus groups and surveys). Firstly, a literature review on ICT dissemination in the international and Italian 3PL industry has been carried out. Then, a field survey has been developed preceded by two focus groups. The empirical investigation examined a sample of 153 small Italian 3PLs on the base of a definition and taxonomy proposed by the authors. The results provide a useful technological profile of the surveyed companies, as well as an analysis of the role of ICT in customising services and of the factors influencing ICT adoption. To give a more robust scientific justification of the survey results, it would be useful to carry out an additional large-scale analysis including other countries with a high presence of small logistics service companies. Furthermore, a complementary case-study analysis would be of help in defining the role of specific factors in different types of 3PL. Further investigations in this field are needed to better understand innovation paths, and how ICT can improve the competitive capabilities of 3PLs and of the wider supply chain. Managers of small 3PLs can use the findings to set-up guidelines for improving a companys technology innovation. Technology vendors can use the findings to better market their service/product into the small logistics service provider segment. Despite the fact that much has been written about the dissemination of ICT, there is still a shortage of research in the field of small 3PLs with little empirical investigation into the usage of ICT by small 3PLs. This paper provides a contribution to filling this void and suggests some possible research directions.

Alliances in Liner Shipping: an Instrument to Gain Operational Efficiency or Supply Chain Integration?

ABSTRACT This paper explores how shipping lines are responding to the changing environment, with particular reference to the diffusion of a supply chain management view, by using alliances. It reports the results of a survey conducted on a sample of alliances concluded by a number of firms in recent years. First, the implications for transportation providers with the adoption of the supply chain management approach by shippers are discussed. Then a literature review on the key driving forces effecting shipping line alliances is presented. The findings of this indicate that most of the alliances examined are concentrated in the maritime transport phase rather than in inland transport and logistics services activities. They chiefly achieve objectives of internal efficiency and meet user logistical needs specifically in supplying higher service frequency and broader geographical coverage. Several implications for shipping line alliance strategies and supply chain management are suggested.

Technology Adoption in Small and Medium-Sized Logistics Providers

Purpose - The main aim of the research is to shed light on the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in the logistics innovation process of small and medium-sized third party logistics providers (3PLs). Design/methodology/approach - A triangulated research strategy was designed using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The former involved the use of a questionnaire survey of small and medium-sized Italian 3PLs with 153 usable responses received. The latter comprised a series of focus groups and the use of seven case studies. Findings - There is a relatively low level of ICT expenditure with few companies adopting formal technology investment strategies. The findings highlight the strategic importance of supply chain integration for 3PLs with companies that have embarked on an expansion of their service portfolios showing a higher level of both ICT usage and information integration. Lack of technology skills in the workforce is a major constraint on ICT adoption. Given the proliferation of logistics-related ICT tools and applications in recent years it has been difficult for small and medium-sized 3PLs to select appropriate applications. Research limitations/implications - The paper provides practical guidelines to researchers in the effective use of mixed-methods research based on the concept of methodological triangulation. In particular, it shows how questionnaire surveys, focus groups and case study analysis can be used in combination to provide insights into multi-faceted supply chain phenomena. It also identifies several potentially fruitful avenues for future research in this specific field. Practical implications - The papers findings provide useful guidance for practitioners on the effective adoption of ICT as part of the logistics innovation process. The findings also provide support for ICT vendors in the design of ICT solutions that are aligned to the needs of small 3PLs. Originality/value - There is currently a paucity of research into the drivers and inhibitors of ICT in the innovation processes of small and medium-sized 3PLs. This paper fills this gap by exploring the issue using a range of complementary research approaches.

The role of training in developing entrepreneurship: the case of shipping in Italy [1]

This paper examines the role of management training on entrepreneurial development paths of a sample of small and medium-sized Italian shipping enterprises. Starting with an analysis of evolutionary dynamics at the international level and highlighting the peculiarities of shipping in Italy, this paper reveals teh importance of firm-specific factors, compared with country-specific factors, in determining the competitiveness of shipping companies. In such enterprises the entrepreneurs role and his/her level of entrepreneurial culture play an important part in conditioning developing paths. On the basis of the results from an empirical survey, thee study in question suggests several implications for implementing policies aimed at increasing the level of entrepreneurial culture by means of selective, diversified interventions in management training so as to develop the factors required by the firm to recover competitiveness.

Putting supply-chain learning theory into practice: lessons from an Irish case

The logistics service market is currently going through a fundamental transition. The development of closer relationships with customers and the continuous adaptation of products and services, represent potentially successful approaches to the development of improved competitive capabilities. To this end knowledge resources and learning processes increasingly represent key elements within the evolving framework of the Third Party Logistics (3PLs) service provision business. This paper describes the case of NITLs Foundation Certificate Programme (FCP) learning programme with specific reference to its use in addressing some of current shortcomings related to supply chain knowledge and skills in the Irish 3PL industry. The FCP rationale is based on the need to move from traditional approaches of supply chain organisation, where the various links in the chain were measured and managed in isolation from each other and thus, tended to operate, at cross purposes, towards more integrated and knowledge-based approaches.

Knowledge management in environmental sustainability practices of third-party logistics service providers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a structured literature review on knowledge management (KM) and KM strategy in environmental sustainability practices of logistics service providers. The paper highlights the nature and scope of existing research and identifies areas for future research. Design/methodology/approach – The study consists of a systematic review of existing research regarding KM in sustainable logistics. In all, 38 refereed research papers formed the basis of analysis. This methodology allows for the minimization of researcher bias and the maximization of reliability and replicability. Findings – The literature review made possible the identification of three basic elements through which building-up appropriate KM approaches and KM strategies in the area of environmental sustainability by third-party logistics service companies will be enhanced: customer relationship management, quality of human resources and the adoption of information and communication technology tools and s...

The role of information and communication technology in small Italian logistics enterprises

Information and communication technology (ICT) is widely regarded as a key integration enabler in contemporary supply chain configurations. Furthermore, recent years have seen the vertical disintegration of supply chains as increasing numbers of manufacturers and retailers outsource significant parts of their supply chain functionality. In this environment, third party logistics (3PLs) providers – the majority of which are small companies – play a pivotal role. This raises important questions about the usage of ICT in this sector. However, there is a paucity of research in the field of small 3PLs with little empirical investigation into the usage of ICT by such firms. This article presents the results of a survey on ICT systems usage in a sample of small Italian 3PLs. The results provide a technological profile of the surveyed companies as well as an analysis of the role of ICT in customising services and of the factors influencing technology adoption.

MARITIME TRANSPORT IN THE ITALIAN LOGISTICS MARKET

In this paper, the role of Italian shipping firms in the logistic services market is defined in light of major changes under way. The first part analysed the structural characteristics of the supply and demand for logistic and transport services, in which a situation of substantial weakness emerged. This situation has favoured the large-scale entry of foreign operators on the Italian market which perceive Italy as a key node within the international scenario of transport and logistics. The second part of the paper focused on the analysis of individual areas in Italian shipping and their capacity to differentiate service by supplying value added logistic services beyond transport. The analysis showed a position of substantial marginality for Italian shipping, a position which gives rise to several doubts regarding its capacity to face the challenge of international competition successfully.

Is environmental sustainability a strategic priority for logistics service providers

Despite an increasing number of third-party logistics service providers (3PLs) regard environmental sustainability as a key area of management, there is still great uncertainty on how 3PLs implement environmental strategies and on how they translate green efforts into practice. Through a multiple case study analysis, this paper explores the environmental strategies of a sample of medium-sized 3PLs operating in Italy and the UK, in terms of environmental organizational culture, initiatives, and influencing factors. Our analysis shows that, notwithstanding environmental sustainability is generally recognised as a strategic priority, a certain degree of diversity in the deployment of environmental strategies still exists. This paper is original since the extant literature on green strategies of 3PLs provides findings predominantly from a single country perspective and mainly investigates large/multinational organizations. It also provides indications to help managers of medium-sized 3PLs in positioning their business. This is particularly meaningful in the 3PL industry, where medium-sized organizations significantly contribute to the generated turnover and market value.

Knowledge Management and Intellectual Capital in the Logistics Service Industry

The changing business scenario in the logistics service market is affecting the development of relationships with customers and the continuous adaptation of service offering. In this context, knowledge management and intellectual capital are potentially successful assets for developing and improving competitive capabilities of logistics service companies. In order to supply more complex and knowledge-intensive services, it is necessary to evaluate the existing IC assets to identify future needs in this area. The main aim of this paper is to investigates how to assess the intellectual capital in order to improve the management of knowledge in third-party logistics service providers. The paper reviews the main methods for assessing intellectual capital assets in the logistics service industry. It suggests the non-monetary methods as the most appropriate ones.