Pramita G. Dwipoerwantoro

Comparison of stool microbiota compositions, stool alpha1‐antitrypsin and calprotectin concentrations, and diarrhoeal morbidity of Indonesian infants fed breast milk or probiotic/prebiotic‐supplemented formula

The composition of faecal microbiota of babies is known to be influenced by diet. Faecal calprotectin and α1‐antitrypsin concentrations may be associated with mucosal permeability and inflammation. We aimed to assess whether there was any difference after consumption of a probiotic/prebiotic formula on faecal microbiota composition, calprotectin and α1‐antitrypsin levels, and diarrhoea in comparison with breast milk‐fed Indonesian infants.

Growth of Indonesian Infants Compared With World Health Organization Growth Standards

Objectives: The ability of the World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards to represent the growth of South East Asian infants has been questioned. The aim of this study was to provide contemporary data on the growth of Indonesian breast-fed and formula-fed infants, compared with the WHO growth standards. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 160 normal healthy infants was undertaken in a suburban area of South Jakarta, Indonesia. Infants from 2 to 6 weeks of age were recruited, and they consumed exclusively either breast milk or infant formula for at least 6 months, with follow-up until 12 months of age. Results: Overall, the infants in the present study were lighter (weight-for-age), were shorter (length-for-age), and had smaller head circumferences (head circumference-for-age) than the average WHO Growth Reference Study population but were of similar proportion (weight-for-length). Compared with the WHO Growth Reference Study, the z scores for weight-for-age, length-for-age, and head circumference-for-age in the Indonesian children fell from birth to 6 weeks of age and then increased until 3 months of age in both the breast-fed and the formula-fed infants. At 6 weeks of age, the weight-for-age z scores fell below −2 standard deviations for 16 (20.5%) breast-fed and 40 (51.3%) formula-fed infants, and the length-for-age z scores fell below −2 standard deviations for 31 (39.7%) breast-fed and 41 (52.6%) formula-fed infants. Conclusion: The WHO growth standards do not reflect the growth of the present cohort of Indonesian infants and may overestimate the levels of underweight and stunted children.

Absorpsi Karbohidrat Yang Berasal Dari Beras Pada Anak Usia 1-3 Tahun

Para peneliti mendapatkan bahwa pati beras cukup baik diabsorpsi di saluran cerna, bahkan lebih baik sebagai komposisi bersama elektrolit untuk mengatasi diare. Meskipun kecil, masih terdapat berbagai prevalensi malabsorpsi karbohidrat yang bervariasi, baik dengan pati beras maupun dengan pati lainnya. Khin Maung-U mendapatkan prevalensi malabsorpsi pati beras pada anak di Birma cukup besar (66,5%), sedangkan pati beras mudah didapat di negara-negara dengan beras sebagai makanan pokok sehingga perlu diteliti kemampuan absorpsi pati beras pada anak Indonesia. Telah dilakukan uji hidrogen napas pada 86 anak Indonesia usia 1-3 tahun di Kelurahan Pejaten Barat, Pasar Minggu, Jakarta Selatan. Di antara 86 anak yang di beri meal test dengan kue pati beras 80 g untuk setiap anak ternyata 82 anak (95,3%) masih mampu mengabsorpsi pati beras dengan baik, hanya 4 anak (4,7%) yang mengalami malabsorpsi pati beras. Belum diketahui pasti tipe malabsorpsi pada ke-empat anak ini. Pada penelitian ini terdapat 16 anak (18,6%) berasal dari keluarga sosial ekonomi tidak mampu, sebagian besar ibu berpendidikan SLTP ke bawah, dan sebagian besar pekerjaan orangtuanya di sektor swasta dan buruh. Tidak ditemukan hubungan bermakna (p>0,05) pengaruh diare pada 6 anak (7%), riwayat BBLR pada 13 anak (15,1%), status gizi kurang ataupun malnutrisi pada 35 anak (40,7%) dan infeksi cacing/jamur pada 17 anak (19,8%) terhadap malabsorpsi pati beras.

Seroepidemiology of Helicobacter pylori in primary school students in Krotek, Cibeber Village, Serang District, Banten, Indonesia

Background Helicobacter pylori infection is a common infection. Risk of infection in rural areas is six times higher than in urban areas. Objectives To study the prevalence of H. pylori infection in primary school students in rural area and its contributing factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in a rural primary school in Serang district, Banten, West Java. Serology of H. pylori was tested using Bio M pylori kit (Mataram, Indonesia). Results Forty two of 125 subjects (33.6%) had positive H. pylori serologies. Bivariate analysis found that the the family habit of eating together from one container increased the infection risk 5.93 times (95% Cl 3.07 to 11.43). Source of drinking water from common river increased the risk 9.88 times (95% CI 3.03 to 32.24). Bed and bedroom sharing increased the risk 1.55 times (95% CI 1.23 to 1.95) and 2.22 times (95% CI 1.65 to 2.99), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis including all variables with P <0.25 showed that the most significant factor contributing to H. pylori infection is common river as family drinking water source (OR 24.97, 95% CI 3.9 to 159.76), followed by family habit of eating together from one container (OR 10.23, 95% CI 3.05 to 34.27), and bed or bedroom sharing (OR 9.48, 95% CI 2.4 7 to 36.38). Conclusion Prevalence of H. pylori infection in rural school students is 33.6%. There are significant associations between H. pylori infection and family habit of eating together from one container, bed sharing with other family members, and family drinking water source from common river.