Kumar Praveen

Incidence of Aeromonas spp. infection in fish and chicken meat and its related public health hazards: A review

Aeromonas is recognized to cause a variety of diseases in man. In humans, they are associated with intestinal and extra-intestinal infections. With the growing importance of Aeromonas as an emerging pathogen, it is important to combat this organism. It is indisputable that Aeromonas strains may produce many different putative virulence factors such as enterotoxins, hemolysins or cytotoxins, and antibiotic resistance against different antibiotics. The ability of these bacteria to grow competitively at 5°C may be indicative of their potential as a public health hazard. Comprehensive enteric disease surveillance strategies, prevention and education are essential for meeting the challenges in the years ahead. It is important for us to promote the value of enteric cultures when patients have a gastrointestinal illness or bloody diarrhea or when multiple cases of enteric disease occur after a common exposure. With the growing importance of Aeromonas as an emerging pathogen, it is important to combat this organism. It is indisputable that Aeromonas strains may produce many different putative virulence factors, such as enterotoxins, hemolysins or cytotoxins. It has been established that aerolysin is a virulence factor contributing to the pathogenesis of Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Fish and chicken play an important role in the transmission of this pathogen to humans. In the present study, the high prevalence of toxin-producing strains was found among the Aeromonas isolates. The ability of these bacteria to grow competitively at 5°C may be indicative of their potential as a public health hazard. The present review was constructed with a view to highlight the zoonotic importance of Aeromonas pathogen in fish and chicken meat.

PROMINENT MICROBIAL FOOD-BORNE DISEASES: A REVIEW ON ITS INFLUENCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH

Problems of food-borne infections and food protection are related to many different environmental factors and to social and technological changes. Food-borne infections involve the interchain of production, processing and distribution of food. The level of community sanitation is important and the role of food habits and culture is increasingly being recognized in both developed and developing countries. Investigation of food-borne infections should take all these factors into account. Food hygiene problems are likely to occur, since he necessary technology is seldom available and there may be little hygienic knowledge, food surveillance and control.

CLINICA L MASTITIS IN A CROSS BRED COW : A CASE STUDY

A cow belonging to the Holstein Friesian breed aging five years was presented at Arawali Veterinary College, Sikar with the history of Swollen udder, blood and flakes in the milk, off fed since last two days and was successfully treated with Injection Int acef ( Ceftriazone ) , Injection I soflud ( Isoflupredone ) , I njection Belamyl, ointment Mastilep and Ubrolexin intramammary infusion . There was complete recovery in the cow after five days of treatment .

Pattern of Suppressed Immune Response to AIDS Infection: A Review

In AIDS patients, the main opportunistic infections are related to intracellular agents like P. carinii, cytomegalovirus, C. albicans, M. tuberculosis and criptosporidium. As in HIV infection, memory B lymphocytes keep functioning, antibodies are produced and the protection mechanism against extracellular agents does not experience large scale damage. However, this lack of greater susceptibility to extracellular bacterial infections observed in AIDS patients is observed in adults where the repertory of B-cell produced antibodies depending on T-cells had already formed prior to HIV infection. In infected children, as the alteration of TCD4+ cell functioning is premature, cellular cooperation is damaged with abnormalities also occurring in the synthesis of antibodies. Infections by extracellular bacteria are common in HIV-infected children.

Bhanja Virus: A Review on Virology and Public Health Issues

The Bhanja virus was first discovered in a tick (Haemaphysalis intermedia) and is a tick-borne Phlebov irus recovered from a paralyzed goat in Bhanjanagar, India in 1954.[1] Bhanja virus in humans was first documented in 1974 when Charles Calisher who was himself contracted while working with the virus.[2] His symptoms included mild aching in muscles and joints, moderate headache and photophobia. The Bhanja virus is a member of the family Bunyaviridae and Bhanja virus serocomplex.[1]

Cryptosporidiosis: A Review on the Protozoan Zoonotic Infection of Public Health Importance

Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a protozoa Cryptosporidia species characterized by enterocolitis and diarrhea in man. Cryptosporidium parvum, C. muris, C. bovis and C. agni are the 4 species occurring in man and many other mammals like rat, mouse, cattle, sheep, goat, dog, cat, pig, monkey and deer. C. parvum is considered to be a serious human and animal pathogen.

Effect of different cooking procedures on microbiological quality of chevon meat balls

In this research, the effects of different cooking processes (pan fried and microwave cooking) on microbiological quality of the raw and cooked chevon meatballs were studied. Microbial flora of the raw meatballs was as follows: total plate count, 5.98±0.235 (log cfu/g); yeast and mould, 4.80±0.328 (log cfu/g); coliforms, 3.05±0.433 (log cfu/g). Highly significant (P<0.01) difference was noticed in microbiological quality of chevon meat balls. The cooking processes decreased the microbial flora approximately 2-3 log cycles, and pan frying was the effective cooking process for reducing microbial numbers compared to the microwave oven. The temperature of the Pan fried (150-160°C for 5-7 min) was higher than the To conclude, it was advised to use slightly higher temperatures than used in the microwave oven cooking procedures to increase microbial quality of the meat balls studied in this research.

Effect of Optimum Dietary Supplementation of Vitamin C on the Body Performance Parameters of Poultry and in Combating Heat Stress

Supplement of vitamin C in different sources may have some important in production of commercial broiler chicken to reach better growth and performance supplementation of vitamin C may have some influence to combat stress to environmental temperature and humidity to study the effect of different sources of vitamin C viz., Him C (Herbal supplementation, of vitamin C) Limcee A synthetic ascorbic acid source and Amla natural source of vitamin C was taken in different treatment group on commercial broiler chicken, four hundred twenty days old commercial broiler chicks of Vencobb 400 strain of both sexes were randomly divided into four groups (one control and three treatment). The experimental group were CS1 (Fed controlled that without vitamin C supplementation) TS 1 (Fed controlled diet with Him C), TS 2 (Fed control diet with Limcee) and TS 3 (Fed controlled that with dried Amla). The trail was conducted under field condition for forty two days. From the present study it was concluded that the supplementation of dried Amla @ 185g/ton of feed showed better performance in term of live weight gain compared to supplementation of Him C and synthetic ascorbic acid, respectively.