Putut Marwoto

Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon Films

Hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) thin film is one of the most studied materials due to its unique features. The a-C:H thin film is a remarkable material because of its novel optical, mechanical and electrical properties and its similarities to diamond. In this chapter we reviewed the structural and optical properties of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) thin films prepared in a DC-PECVD reactor. Both power and ion bombardment energy were continuously changed during the deposition, as a results of varying deposition parameters such as A.B. Suriani Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia e-mail: absuriani@yahoo.com A.A. Azira NANO-SciTech Centre, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia e-mail: azira.aziz@gmail.com Putut Marwoto Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Semarang State University, 50229, Semarang, Indonesia e-mail: pmarwoto@yahoo.com S. Sakrani Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia e-mail: samsudi@difz2.fs.utm.my Roslan Md. Nor Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia e-mail: rmdnor@um.edu.my M. Rusop NANO-SciTech Centre, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia e-mail: rusop8@gmail.com Adv Struct Mater, DOI 10.1007/8611_2010_15, # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 chamber pressure, electrode distance, CH4 flow rate, and substrate temperature. The films properties ranged from polymer-like to graphite-like a-C:H films, as the power and ion energy increased. The structure and the optical properties of a-C:H films were analyzed by infrared and Raman spectroscopy, UV–Vis Spectrophotometer and photoluminescence. This is to extract the information on sp/sp and hydrogen contents, optical gap, E0 and photoluminescence properties of a-C:H films. The films were found to consist of sp clusters of which the size increases with increasing power and ion bombardment energy during the deposition, resulting in lower hydrogen, sp content, optical gap and photoluminescence response. The increased in hydrogen termination from the films at higher ion energies results in bigger cluster size and produced graphitic films.

Room-Temperature Deposition of ZnO Thin Films by using DC Magnetron Sputtering

ZnO thin films have successfully been deposited using DC magnetron sputtering at room temperature by means of plasma power variation. XRD results show that films were grown at a plasma power of 30 W and 40 W are polycrystalline, while at 20 W is considered as amorphous. The optical bandgap of films are shrinkage by increasing the plasma power. The broadest transmittance range is belongs to ZnO film growth at plasma power of 40 W. The electrical conductivity of ZnO films increase from 4.02x10-7 (Ωcm)-1 to 8.92x10-7 (Ωcm)-1 once the plasma power is increased. Based on the electrical and optical properties of the films it clearly be seen that ZnO film grown at plasma power of 40 W has highest transmittance and lower electrical resistivity therefore it appropriate for transparent conductive oxide (TCO).

Effects of argon pressure on the properties of ZnO:Ga thin films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering

Gallium (Ga)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Ga) thin films were deposited on corning glass substrates by homemade DC magnetron sputtering. Effects of argon gas pressure on the structural and optical properties of ZnO:Ga thin films were investigated by XRD, SEM and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The argon gas pressure was adjusted at 450, 500 and 550 mtorr. All the films exhibit a strong (002) peak and a weak (004) peaks. The XRD pattern demonstrated that crystallinity of the film improved with increasing of the argon pressure. ZnO:Ga thin films deposited have polycrystalline structure. It was shown that the argon pressure has a great influence on ZnO:Ga film surface structures. The grain size of the films was increased with the increases of argon pressure. The grains shape of the film change from an equiaxed rough grain to a longish grain with the argon pressure. The average of transmittance of the films is about 80% in the visible range. It is shown that the argon pressure has no effect significantly on optical bandgap of ...

Pengaruh Oksidasi Setelah Deposisi Terhadap Sifat Film Tipis ZnO:Ga

Pengaruh oksidasi setelah deposisi terhadap sifat film tipis ZnO:Ga telah dipelajari. Film dideposisi menggunakan metode dc magnetron sputtering pada suhu 300oC selama 1 jam, kemudian dilakukan variasi oksidasi menggunakan gas oksigen purity 99,99% dengan tekanan 0 mTorr dan 50 mTorr pada suhu 300oC selama 20 menit. Berdasarkan hasil SEM, ukuran butir film menunjukkan perubahan menjadi lebih besar pada tekanan oksigen 50 mTorr dibandingkan pada tekanan oksigen 0 mTorr. UV-Vis spektrofotometer menunjukkan transmitansi film pada cahaya tampak meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya tekanan oksigen mencapai sekitar ~83%. Celah pita energi yang dihasilkan film tipis ZnO:Ga pada tekanan oksigen 0 mTorr dan 50 mTorr masing-masing 3,32 eV dan 3,4 eV.

Development of an ICT-Based Air Column Resonance Learning Media

Commonly, the sound source used in the air column resonance experiment is the tuning fork having disadvantage of unoptimal resonance results due to the sound produced which is getting weaker. In this study we made tones with varying frequency using the Audacity software which were, then, stored in a mobile phone as a source of sound. One advantage of this sound source is the stability of the resulting sound enabling it to produce the same powerful sound. The movement of water in a glass tube mounted on the tool resonance and the tone sound that comes out from the mobile phone were recorded by using a video camera. Sound resonances recorded were first, second, and third resonance, for each tone frequency mentioned. The resulting sound stays longer, so it can be used for the first, second, third and next resonance experiments. This study aimed to (1) explain how to create tones that can substitute tuning forks sound used in air column resonance experiments, (2) illustrate the sound wave that occurred in the first, second, and third resonance in the experiment, and (3) determine the speed of sound in the air. This study used an experimental method. It was concluded that; (1) substitute tones of a tuning fork sound can be made by using the Audacity software; (2) the form of sound waves that occured in the first, second, and third resonance in the air column resonance can be drawn based on the results of video recording of the air column resonance; and (3) based on the experiment result, the speed of sound in the air is 346.5 m/s, while based on the chart analysis with logger pro software, the speed of sound in the air is 343.9 ± 0.3171 m/s.

Bringing Javanesse Traditional Dance into Basic Physics Class: Exemplifying Projectile Motion through Video Analysis

An alternative approach of an arts-based instruction for Basic Physics class has been developed through the implementation of video analysis of a Javanesse traditional dance: Bambangan Cakil. A particular movement of the dance -weapon throwing- was analyzed by employing the LoggerPro software package to exemplify projectile motion. The results of analysis indicated that the movement of the thrown weapon in Bambangan Cakil dance provides some helping explanations of several physics concepts of projectile motion: objects path, velocity, and acceleration, in a form of picture, graph and also table. Such kind of weapon path and velocity can be shown via a picture or graph, while such concepts of decreasing velocity in y direction (weapon moving downward and upward) due to acceleration g can be represented through the use of a table. It was concluded that in a Javanesse traditional dance there are many physics concepts which can be explored. The study recommends to bring the traditional dance into a science class which will enable students to get more understanding of both physics concepts and Indonesia cultural heritage.

Structure evolution of zinc oxide thin films deposited by unbalance DC magnetron sputtering

Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films are deposited on corning glass substrates using unbalanced DC magnetron sputtering. The effect of growth temperature on surface morphology and crystallographic orientation of ZnO thin film is studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The surface morphology and crystallographic orientation of ZnO thin film are transformed against the increasing of growth temperature. The mean grain size of film and the surface roughness are inversely and directly proportional towards the growth temperature from room temperature to 300 °C, respectively. The smaller grain size and finer roughness of ZnO thin film are obtained at growth temperature of 400 °C. The result of AFM analysis is in good agreement with the result of XRD analysis. ZnO thin films deposited in a series of growth temperatures have hexagonal wurtzite polycrystalline structures and they exhibit transformations in the crystallographic orientation. The results in this study reveal that the...

Production and Characterization of Biodegradable Plastics Based on Starch of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam Seeds

The starch of artocarpus heterophyllus lam seeds was mixed with distilled water into a solution. The biodegradable plastics were made of starch, glycerol, and chitosan on the different volume fraction of glycerol at mixing temperature 80°C. The effect of glycerol addition on the microstructures, crystal structures, mechanical strength and thermal properties of specimens are completely reported. They were prepared based on the different volume fraction of glycerol, i.e., 2, 4 dan 6 (%Vol). The crystal structures of biodegradable plastic films were investigated using x-ray diffractometer and their thermal properties were analyzed employing thermogravimetric analysis. The biodegradabilities of specimens were obtained by soil burial test method using microorganisms. The maximum mechanical strength of biodegradable plastics is obtained about 4,7 MPa.

Preliminary study of CDTE and CDTE:CU thin films nanostructures deposited by using DC magnetron sputtering

Growth and properties of CdTe and CdTe:Cu thin films nanostrucures deposited by using dc magnetron sputtering are reported. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the surface morphologies of the thin films. At growth conditions of 250 °C and 14 W, CdTe films did not yet evenly deposited. However, at growth temperature and plasma power of 325 °C and 43 W, both CdTe and CdTe:Cu(2%) have deposited on the substrates. In this condition, the morphology of the films indicate that the films have a grain-like nanostructures. Grain size diameter of about 200 nm begin to appear on top of the films. Energy Dispersive X-rays spectroscopy (EDX) was used to investigate chemical elements of the Cu doped CdTe film deposited. It was found that the film deposited consist of Cd, Te and Cu elements. XRD was used to investigate the full width at half maximum (FWHM) values of the thin films deposited. The results show that CdTe:Cu(2%) thin film has better crystallographic properties than CdTe thin film. The UV-Vis spectrometer was used to investigate the optical properties of thin films deposited. The transmittance spectra showed that transmittance of CdTe:Cu(2%) film is lower than CdTe film. It was found that the bandgap energy of CdTe and CdTe:Cu(2%) thin films of about 1.48 eV.