R. B. Saxena

A Single-Phase Self-Excited Induction Generator for Lighting Loads in Remote Areas

For a self-excited single-phase cage induction generator, the possibility of few discrete capacitor steps to keep the terminal voltage within specified tolerance at different loads, is evolved for implementing a simple regulating scheme. The capacitance/reactive VARs requirements for the generator are also obtained to maintain constant terminal voltage at various loads.

OPTIMUM DESIGN OF SMALL DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER USING ALUMINIUM CONDUCTORS

ABSTRACT Design Optimization of distribution transformer of small KVA rating using aluminium conductors is considered as a nonlinear multivariable constrained programming problem. For this purpose a set of five independent design variables is identified and suitable constraints are imposed to meet the thermal and other performance requirements of the transformer. The various objective functions are formed in terms of cost of active material, capitalized cost of losses as the operating cost and the overall cost as the sum of these two. This is done to select most effective and appropriate optimized design for these types of transformers. The optimization is achieved through Rosenbrocks method of direct search in conjunction with the sequential unconstrained minimization Technique (SUMT). The optimized design results for a 25 KVA distribution transformer using aluminium conductors are presented along with the design results using copper as the winding material for different objective functions.

Agricultural Trade Between India and Pakistan: Status and Potential

The paper examines the trend and composition of agricultural trade between India and Pakistan and identifies opportunities for increasing bilateral trade. It examines the bilateral agriculture trade before and after the implementation of SAFTA. The study also analyzes the comparative advantage and complementarities in agricultural trade between the two countries. Despite the advantage of proximity, India and Pakistan did not trade much until the late 1990s. Bilateral trade started expanding in the new century and picked up momentum after SAFTA came into effect in 2006. Since then, agricultural exports from India to Pakistan have grown at a faster rate than export of non-agricultural products. Trade in most of the commodities show very large year-to-year variation and most of the trade took place to stabilize fluctuations in the domestic market. Both countries have a comparative advantage in the export of some commodities to each other. It is observed that despite implementation of SAFTA, existence of tariff and non-tariff barriers continue to restrict agricultural trade between the two countries.