R. S. Battu
Punjab Agricultural University
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Featured researches published by R. S. Battu.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry | 2008
R. S. Battu; Baljeet Singh; Rubaljot Kooner; Balwinder Singh
An analytical method was standardized for the estimation of residues of flubendiamide and its metabolite desiodo flubendiamide in various substrates comprising cabbage, tomato, pigeonpea grain, pigeonpea straw, pigeonpea shell, chilli, and soil. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile, diluted with brine solution, and partitioned into chloroform, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and treated with 500 mg of activated charcoal powder. Final clear extracts were concentrated under vacuum and reconstituted into HPLC grade acetonitrile, and residues were estimated using HPLC equipped with a UV detector at 230 lambda and a C18 column. Acetonitrile/water (60:40 v/v) at 1 mL/min was used as mobile phase. Both flubendiamide and desiodo flubendiamide presented distinct peaks at retention times of 11.07 and 7.99 min, respectively. Consistent recoveries ranging from 85 to 99% for both compounds were observed when samples were spiked at 0.10 and 0.20 mg/kg levels. The limit of quantification of the method was worked out to be 0.01 mg/kg.
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety | 2012
Urvashi Bhardwaj; Rajinder Kumar; Sarabjit Kaur; Sanjay Kumar Sahoo; Kousik Mandal; R. S. Battu; Balwinder Singh
Persistence of fipronil in cabbage was studied following three applications of Jump 80 WG at 75 and 150 g a.i. ha(-1) at 7 day interval. The average initial deposits of total fipronil (fipronil and its metabolites) were 1.226 and 2.704 mg kg(-1) on the heads following 3rd application of fipronil at single and double the dosages, respectively. Desulfinyl was found to be the main metabolite followed by sulfone and sulfide. Metabolite amide was not detected in cabbage samples. Half-life periods for fipronil were found to be 3.43 and 3.21 day at single and double the application rates, respectively. Risk assessment of fipronil to the consumers was calculated on the basis of per capita 80 g consumption of cabbage and comparing it to its ADI for an adult of 55 kg which was found to be less than its ADI on 10th day at both the dosages.
Science of The Total Environment | 1989
R. S. Battu; Parm Pal Singh; B.S. Joia; R.L. Kalra
Samples of bovine (Buffalo, Bubalus bubalis (L.)) milk collected from randomly selected houses of Ludhiana and Sangrur districts of Punjab, India, where DDT and HCH, respectively, had been sprayed for the control of malaria, were analysed for insecticide residues between September 1985 and June 1986. The average concentration of DDT residues in samples from the DDT sprayed area were approximately 4-12 times higher than those in the corresponding samples from HCH sprayed areas. Mean levels of HCH residues in samples from the HCH sprayed area were greater than those in samples from DDT sprayed areas by factors of 2-11. Milk samples collected from four rural houses in each district before and after applications of DDT or HCH for mosquito control also showed that indoor use of these insecticides results in a substantial increase in residue levels. About 74% of the samples analysed contained DDT residues above the extraneous residue limit of 0.05 mgkg-1 (whole milk basis). Estimated maximum daily intakes of DDT and beta-HCH through consumption of contaminated milk by 1-3-year-old children exceeded their acceptable daily intakes by nearly three and five times, respectively.
Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes | 2012
Sanjay Kumar Sahoo; G. S. Chahil; Kousik Mandal; R. S. Battu; Balwinder Singh
Dissipation of β-cyfluthrin and imidacloprid in okra was studied following three applications of a combination formulation of Solomon 300 OD (β-cyfluthrin 9 % + imidacloprid 21 %) @ 60 and 120 g a.i. ha−1 at 7 days interval. Residues of β-cyfluthrin and imidacloprid in okra were estimated by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. Residues of β-cyfluthrin were confirmed by gas chromatograph–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and that of imidacloprid by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Half-life periods for β-cyfluthrin were found to be 0.91 and 0.68 days whereas for imidacloprid these values were observed to be 0.85 and 0.96 days at single and double the application rates, respectively. Residues of β-cyfluthrin dissipated below its limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg kg−1 after 3 and 5 days at single and double the application dosage, respectively. Similarly, residues of imidacloprid took 5 and 7 days to reach LOQ of 0.01 mg kg−1, at single and double dosages respectively. Soil samples collected after 15 days of the last application did not show the presence of β-cyfluthrin and imidacloprid at their detection limit of 0.01 mg kg−1.
Science of The Total Environment | 1989
R. S. Battu; Parm Pal Singh; B.S. Joia; R.L. Kalra
Samples of wheat grain, straw, flour and green fodder taken from houses sprayed with either HCH or DDT for mosquito control showed the presence of HCH residues at concentrations of up to 91.2, 208.8, 33.1 and 459.0 mg kg-1 and DDT residues up to 11.3, 86.1, 2.2 and 5.4 mg kg-1, respectively. The mean level of HCH residues in samples of wheat grain collected from randomly selected houses in areas sprayed with HCH for the control of malaria was approximately 8 times higher than that for corresponding samples from DDT sprayed areas. In contrast, DDT residues in wheat grain samples from the DDT sprayed area were 3 times higher than the samples from the HCH sprayed area. The results suggest that significant amounts of residues of HCH and DDT become transferred to commodities stored in houses sprayed with these insecticides for mosquito control.
Chemosphere | 2011
Gurmail Singh; Sanjay Kumar Sahoo; Reenu Takkar; R. S. Battu; Balwinder Singh; G. S. Chahil
The study was undertaken to determine the disappearance trends of flubendiamide residues on chickpea under field conditions and thereby, ensure consumer safety. Average initial deposits of flubendiamide on chickpea pods were found to be 0.68 and 1.17 mg kg(-1), respectively, following three applications of flubendiamide 480SC @ 48 and 96 g a.i. ha(-1) at 7d intervals. Half-life of flubendiamide on chickpea pods was observed to be 1.39 and 1.44 d, respectively, at single and double dosages whereas with respect to chickpea leaves, these values were found to be 0.77 and 0.86 d. Desiodo flubendiamide was not detected at 0.05 mg kg(-1) level on chickpea samples collected at different intervals. Theoretical maximum residue contribution (TMRC) for flubendiamide was calculated and found to be well below the maximum permissible intake (MPI) on chickpea pods and leaves at 0-day (1 h after spraying) for the both dosages. Thus, the application of flubendiamide at the recommended dose on chickpea presents no human health risks and is safe to the consumers.
Journal of Stored Products Research | 1991
Parm Pal Singh; R. S. Battu; B.S. Joia; R.L. Kalra
Abstract Wheat kept in gunny bags of 20 kg capacity in rural houses sprayed with DDT or HCH for mosquito control was found to acquire the residues of these insecticides up to 4.40 or 22.14 mg kg −1 , respectively, during an 8 month storage period. Wheat stored in sealed polyethylene bags of 20 kg capacity also absorbed residues of these insecticides up to 3.17 and 14.12 mg kg −1 , respectively. Samples kept in gunny or polyethylene packets of 100 g capacity absorbed DDT and HCH residues at levels higher than those kept in bags of 20 kg size. This may be due to their relatively large surface area available for exposure to the ambient environment. Absorption of residues of DDT and HCH by wheat stored in sealed polyethylene bags suggests that considerable transference of these insecticide residues can occur through vapour phase. Thus, the potential exists for the contamination of food commodities with substantial amounts of residues during their storage in rural premises treated with insecticides for malaria control and this may have significant implications in the regulation of insecticide residues in foods.
Phytoparasitica | 1990
Parm Pal Singh; Balwinder Singh; R. S. Battu
Following the application of Cypermethrin, fenvalerate and deltamethrin to a cauliflower crop at rates of 50, 50 and 12 g a.i. ha-1, the maximum initial deposits of these insecticides on heads and leaves were 1.10 and 0.75, 1.14 and 0.60, and 0.32 and 0.12 mg kg-1, respectively. These residue values for fenvalerate were less than the maximum residue limit (MRL) of 2 mg kg-1 for this crop. While the maximum initial deposits of Cypermethrin and deltamethrin on cauliflower leaves were less than their respective MRL values of 1 and 0.2 mg kg-1 for brassica leafy vegetables, it took one day for their residues on cauliflower heads to decline below this level.
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety | 2014
G. S. Chahil; Kousik Mandal; Sanjay Kumar Sahoo; R. S. Battu; Balwinder Singh
Dissipation of β-cyfluthrin and imidacloprid in chickpea pods and leaves was measured following three applications of Solomon 300 OD (β-cyfluthrin 9 percent +imidacloprid 21 percent) at 200 and 400mLha(-1). Residues of β-cyfluthrin on chickpea pods and leaves were found to be below its limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01mgkg(-1) after 7 days at both the dosages. Similarly, imidacloprid residues were found to be below its LOQ of 0.01mgkg(-1) at 10 days. Half-life periods on chickpea pods and leaves for β-cyfluthrin were found to be 1.06 and 0.58 days, whereas for imidacloprid these values were observed to be 2.07 and 1.75 days at recommended dose. As the theoretical maximum residue contributions on chickpea pods and leaves are found to be less than the maximum permissible intake values even on 0 day, therefore consumer health risks are minimal at both the dosages on chickpea.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology | 2013
Kousik Mandal; Sandeep Singh; R. S. Battu; Balwinder Singh
During the late 1950 s, companies including The Dow Chemical Company and Eli Lilly and Company began to actively look for naturally occurring pest control products. As a result of these efforts, a scientist from the Natural Products division of Eli Lilly while vacationing in the Caribbean in 1982 visited an abandoned rum still and collected several soil samples. These samples were returned to the laboratory to determine the presence of biological activity. Three years later the fermentation products from these samples were shown to have insecticidal activity. By 1986 Eli Lilly’s scientists identified the organism producing the biologically active substances. They determined that this was a new species of actinomycete bacteria and named it Saccharopolyspora spinosa Mertz & Yao (Bret et al. 1997; Thompson and Hutchins 1999). Within one year, scientists had identified the most highly active metabolites of S. spinosa. In 1989, the Ag Products division of Eli Lilly, Elanco, was merged with The Dow Chemical Company to form Dow Elanco, now Dow AgroSciences. Structurally, these compounds are macrolides and contain a unique tetracyclic ring system to which two different sugars are attached (Kirst et al. 1992). A highly effective formulation was identified and developed through five years of extensive testing around the world. This formulation contained a mixture of two of the most active metabolites, spinosyn A and spinosyn D (Fig. 1). The name spinosad is derived by combining the species name, spinosa, with the two metabolites, A and D. In 1995, because of its favorable environmental and toxicological profile, spinosad was classified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) as a reduced risk product and granted an accelerated registration review. Less than two years later during early 1997, the first spinosad products, Tracer and Conserve were approved and launched in the U.S. for use on cotton and on turf and ornamentals, respectively. It possesses both contact and stomach poison activity against insects belonging to order Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Isoptera, Lepidoptera, Siphonoptera and Thysanoptera, but has little or no activity against sucking insects, predatory insects and mites (Elzen et al. 1998). It acts by depolarizing insect neurons involving acetylcholine and GABA receptors (Salgado 1997). Spinosad is classified as reduced-risk product due to its unique mode of action, coupled with high degree of activity against targeted pests, low toxicity to mammals, fish, birds, wildlife and human beings, and of course, beneficial arthropods and may be used as an alternative to conventional insecticides in integrated pest management program (Thompson and Hutchins 1999; Cleveland et al. 2001; Cisneros et al. 2002). Due to its safety profile and biosynthesis during fermentation of S. spinosa, spinosad has been classified as bioinsecticide (Cisneros et al. 2002). Spinosad is registered in many countries including Egypt for controlling lepidopteran and dipteran pests in fruit trees, ornamental plants, fieldand vegetable crops. It is available in the market under different trade names like Success, Tracer, Spintor, Spinoace, Boomerang, Laser, Extinosad. K. Mandal (&) R. S. Battu B. Singh Pesticide Residue Analysis Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India e-mail: [email protected]